# US 11,444,485 B2 · Inductive charging system with charging electronics physically separated from charging coil > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,444,485 B2 - Document ID: US11444485B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/782,214 - Filed: 2020-02-05 - Published: 2020-08-06 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2019-02-05 - Assignees: Mojo Mobility, Inc. - Applicants: Mojo Mobility, Inc. - Inventors: Afshin Partovi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11444485B2 ## CPC - H02J 50/005: {Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices} - H01F 5/003: {Printed circuit coils} - H01F 27/366: {made of ferromagnetic material} - H01F 38/14: Inductive couplings - H02J 50/12: of the resonant type - H02J 50/70: involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields - H02J 2105/37: exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors - Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract An inductive charger where the charging surface or coil is separated from the drive or control electronics is described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An inductive charger for transmitting power to an inductive receivers of an electronic device for charging the electronic device, the inductive charger comprising: a metallic first enclosure having a non-metallic charging surface, the first enclosure comprising: an inductive charging coil comprising a spiral-shaped metallic Litz wire conductor that defines two charging coil terminals, wherein the inductive charging coil has a first side that faces the charging surface and a second side that faces away from the charging surface opposite the first side, and wherein the inductive charging coil is configured to transmit electromagnetic power by inductive power transfer through the charging surface of the enclosure with an alternating magnetic field at an operating frequency within a frequency range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz when an electronic device is positioned in proximity to the charging surface; and a soft magnetic shielding material positioned proximate the second side of the charging coil away from the charging surface; a metallic second enclosure physically separated from the first enclosure, the second enclosure comprising: a drive circuit and a resonant capacitor electrically coupled to the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure to drive the inductive charging coil with an alternating current; and a microcontroller electrically coupled to the drive circuit, wherein the microcontroller is configured to: detect a received communication of information in a current or voltage modulation of the inductive charger coil by the inductive receiver; and control the transmission of power during inductive power transfer; and an electrical cable that electrically couples the first enclosure and the second enclosure, wherein the cable comprises only two sets of twisted wires coupled to the two electrical terminals of the inductive charging coil to provide power and communication between the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure and the drive circuit and the microcontroller in the second enclosure, each set of twisted wires comprising multiple electrical wires to reduce electrical loss, wherein the cable further comprises a metallic electromagnetic shield coupled to an electrical ground that covers the two sets of twisted wires, and wherein the cable is at least ten centimeters in length. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The inductive charger of claim 1, wherein the charging surface comprises a polymer and a thermally conductive additive to increase the polymer's thermal conductivity. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The inductive charger of claim 1, further comprising a first shield having a thermally conductive carbon-based layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first metallic enclosure such that the first shield covers the inductive charging coil and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the first shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The inductive charger of claim 3, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The inductive charger of claim 1, further comprising a second shield having an electrically conductive metal layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first metallic enclosure such that the second shield covers the inductive charging coil, wherein the metal layer has a periodic pattern and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the second shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The inductive charger of claim 5, wherein the second shield further comprises a non-metallic thermally conductive layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The inductive charger of claim 6, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The inductive charger of claim 1, wherein the cable comprises a metal foil layer and a metal coated polymer covering the two sets of twisted wires. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The inductive charger of claim 8, wherein the cable has a length greater than or equal to one meter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The inductive charger of claim 9, wherein the two sets of twisted wires are Litz wires selected for low loss transmission of current at the operating frequency. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The inductive charger of claim 1, further comprising a far-field charger system and a far-field antenna for far-field power transfer frequency of over 1 GHz to provide power to an electronic device positioned at a distance from the charging surface of the inductive charger. ### Claim 12 An inductive charger for transmitting power to an inductive receiver of an electronic device for charging the electronic device, the inductive charger comprising: a metallic first enclosure having a non-metallic charging surface, the first enclosure further comprising: an inductive charging coil comprising a spiral-shaped metallic Litz wire conductor that defines two charging coil terminals, wherein the inductive charging coil has a first side that faces the charging surface and a second side that faces away from the charging surface opposite the first side, and wherein the inductive charging coil is configured to transmit electromagnetic power by inductive power transfer through the charging surface of the enclosure with an alternating magnetic field at an operating frequency within a frequency range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz when an electronic device is positioned in proximity to the charging surface; and a soft magnetic shielding material positioned proximate the second side of the charging coil away from the charging surface; a metallic second enclosure physically separated from the first enclosure, the second enclosure comprising: a drive circuit and resonant capacitor electrically coupled to the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure to drive the inductive charging coil with an alternating current; and a microcontroller electrically coupled to the drive circuit, wherein the microcontroller is configured to: detect a received communication of information in a current or voltage modulation of the inductive charger coil by the inductive receiver; and control the transmission of power during inductive power transfer; and a cable means for electrically coupling the first enclosure and the second enclosure, wherein the cable means comprises only two sets of twisted wires coupled to the two electrical terminals of the inductive charging coil to provide power and communication between the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure and the drive circuit and the microcontroller in the second enclosure, each set of twisted wires comprising multiple electrical wires to reduce electrical loss, wherein the cable means further comprises a metallic electromagnetic shield coupled to an electrical ground that covers the two sets of twisted wires, and wherein the cable means is at least ten centimeters in length. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The inductive charger of claim 12, wherein the charging surface comprises a polymer and a thermally conductive additive to increase the polymer's thermal conductivity. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The inductive charger of claim 12, further comprising a first shield having a thermally conductive carbon-based layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first enclosure such that the first shield covers the inductive charging coil and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the first shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The inductive charger of claim 14, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The inductive charger of claim 12, further comprising a second shield having an electrically conductive metal layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first enclosure such that the second shield covers the inductive charging coil, wherein the metal layer has a periodic pattern and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the second shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The inductive charger of claim 16, wherein the second shield further comprises a non-metallic thermally conductive layer. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The inductive charger of claim 17, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The inductive charger of claim 12, wherein the cable means comprises a metal foil layer and a metal coated polymer covering the two sets of twisted wires. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The inductive charger of claim 19, wherein the cable means has a length of greater than or equal to one meter. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The inductive charger of claim 20, wherein the two sets of twisted wires are Litz wires selected for low loss transmission of current at the operating frequency. ### Claim 22 (depends on 12) The inductive charger of claim 12, further comprising a far-field charger system and a far-field antenna for far-field power transfer frequency of over 1 GHz to provide power to an electronic device positioned at a distance from the charging surface of the inductive charger. ### Claim 23 An inductive charger for transmitting power to an inductive receiver of an electronic device for charging the electronic device, the inductive charger comprising: a metallic first enclosure having a non-metallic charging surface, the first enclosure comprising: an inductive charging coil comprising a spiral-shaped metallic Litz wire conductor that defines two charging coil terminals, wherein the inductive charging coil has a first side that faces the charging surface and a second side that faces away from the charging surface opposite the first side, and wherein the inductive charging coil is configured to transmit electromagnetic power by inductive power transfer through the charging surface of the enclosure with an alternating magnetic field at an operating frequency within a frequency range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz when an electronic device is positioned in proximity to the charging surface; and a shield layer comprising a polymer layer and a heat conducting material in front of the inductive charging coil for heat distribution positioned proximate the second side of the charging coil away from the charging surface; a metallic second enclosure physically separated from the first enclosure, the second enclosure comprising: a drive circuit and a resonant capacitor electrically coupled to the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure to drive the inductive charging coil with an alternating current; and a microcontroller electrically coupled to the drive circuit, wherein the microcontroller is configured to: detect a received communication of information in a current or voltage modulation of the inductive charger coil by the inductive receiver; and control the transmission of power during inductive power transfer; and a cable means for electrically coupling the first enclosure and the second enclosure, wherein the cable means comprises only two sets of twisted wires coupled to the two electrical terminals of the inductive charging coil to provide power and communication between the inductive charging coil in the first enclosure and the drive circuit and the microcontroller in the second enclosure, each set of twisted wires comprising multiple electrical wires to reduce electrical loss, wherein the cable means further comprises a metallic electromagnetic shield coupled to an electrical ground that covers the two sets of twisted wires, and wherein the cable means is at least ten centimeters in length. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The inductive charger of claim 23, wherein the charging surface comprises a polymer and a thermally conductive additive to increase the polymer's thermal conductivity. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The inductive charger of claim 23, further comprising a first shield having a thermally conductive carbon-based layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first enclosure such that the first shield covers the inductive charging coil, and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the first shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The inductive charger of claim 25, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 27 (depends on 23) The inductive charger of claim 23, further comprising a second shield having an electrically conductive metal layer positioned between the first side of the inductive charging coil and the charging surface of the first enclosure such that the second shield covers the inductive charging coil, wherein the metal layer has a periodic pattern, and wherein the transmission of electromagnetic power through the second shield is allowed in the frequency range for inductive power transfer. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The inductive charger of claim 27, wherein the second shield further comprises a non-metallic thermally conductive layer. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The inductive charger of claim 28, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises graphite. ### Claim 30 (depends on 23) The inductive charger of claim 23, wherein the cable means comprises a metal foil layer and a metal coated polymer covering the two sets of twisted wires. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The inductive charger of claim 30, wherein the cable means has a length greater than or equal to one meter. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The inductive charger of claim 31, wherein the two sets of twisted wires are Litz wires selected for low loss transmission of current at the operating frequency. ### Claim 33 (depends on 23) The inductive charger of claim 23, further comprising a far-field charger system and a far-field antenna for far-field power transfer frequency of over 1 GHz to provide power to an electronic device positioned at a distance from the charging surface of the inductive charger.