# US 11,444,285 B2 · Three-dimensional anode current collector for lithium batteries > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,444,285 B2 - Document ID: US11444285B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/804,614 - Filed: 2020-02-28 - Published: 2021-09-02 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2020-02-28 - Assignees: Nissan North America, Inc. - Applicants: Nissan North America, Inc. - Inventors: Jinwei Cao; Yunhui Gong - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11444285B2 ## CPC - H01M 4/70: characterised by shape or form - H01M 4/13: Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof - H01M 4/664: {Ceramic materials} - H01M 4/667: {in the form of layers, e.g. coatings} - H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators - H01M 10/0565: Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type - H01M 10/0566: Liquid materials - H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area} - H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes} - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ## Abstract A lithium metal battery has a cathode current collector, a cathode active material layer, an electrolyte, and an anode current collector host structure interfacing with the electrolyte. The anode current collector host structure comprises a conductive layer, a non-conductive layer on the conductive layer, and recesses formed through the non-conductive layer and into the conductive layer, each recess having an opening in the non-conductive layer with a width that is smaller than a largest width of the recess. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A lithium metal battery, comprising: a cathode current collector; a cathode active material layer; an electrolyte; and an anode current collector host structure interfacing with the electrolyte, the anode current collector host structure comprising: a conductive layer; a non-conductive layer on the conductive layer; and recesses formed through the non-conductive layer and into the conductive layer, each of the recesses having an opening in the non-conductive layer with a width that is smaller than a largest width of a respective recess. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the width of the opening is 20% to 70% the largest width of the respective recess. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein each of the recesses is a channel having a widest dimension that is larger than an opening of a respective channel. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the recess is a hole having a widest diameter that is larger than an opening of a respective hole. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein each of the recesses has a depth and the anode current collector host structure has a thickness, and the depth is between 50% and 95% the thickness. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the anode current collector host structure has a first thickness, and the non-conductive layer has a second thickness, the second thickness being between 30% and 70% of the first thickness. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the non-conductive layer is non-conductive to ions and electrons. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the non-conductive layer is non-conductive to electrons. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The lithium metal battery of claim 8, wherein the non-conductive layer comprises a solid ceramic electrolyte. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte at least partially fills the recesses. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The lithium metal battery of claim 1, further comprising: an artificial SEI layer on a surface of the conductive layer within each of the recesses. ### Claim 12 An anode current collector host structure configured to interface with an electrolyte, the anode current collector host structure comprising: a conductive layer of metal; a non-conductive layer formed on the conductive layer; and recesses formed across an entire cathode-facing surface of the non-conductive layer, through the non-conductive layer and into the conductive layer, each of the recesses having an opening in a cathode-facing surface of the non-conductive layer with a width that is smaller than a largest width of a respective recess, wherein the electrolyte at least partially fills the recesses. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein the width of the opening of the recess is 20% to 70% the largest width of the respective recess. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein each of the recesses is a channel having a widest dimension that is larger than an opening of a respective channel. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein each of the recesses is a hole having a widest diameter that is larger than an opening of a respective hole. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein each of the recesses has a depth and the anode current collector host structure has a thickness, and the depth is between 50% and 95% the thickness. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein the anode current collector host structure has a first thickness, and the non-conductive layer has a second thickness, the second thickness being between 30% and 70% of the first thickness. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, further comprising: an artificial SEI layer on a surface of the conductive layer within each of the recesses. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The anode current collector host structure of claim 12, wherein the non-conductive layer does not conduct electrons but does conduct ions and comprises a solid ceramic electrolyte. ### Claim 20 A lithium metal battery, comprising: a cathode current collector; a cathode active material layer comprising a lithium transition metal oxide or a lithium transition metal phosphate; an electrolyte that is a liquid, gel, polymer or combination thereof; and an anode current collector host structure interfacing with the electrolyte, the anode current collector host structure comprising: a conductive layer of metal; a non-conductive layer formed on the conductive layer; and recesses formed through the non-conductive layer and into the conductive layer, each of the recesses having an opening on a cathode-facing surface of the non-conductive layer with a width that is smaller than a largest width of a recess, the width of the opening being between 20% and 70% the largest width of the recess.