# US 11,443,610 B2 · Systems and methods for managing smart alarms

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- Number: US 11,443,610 B2
- Document ID: US11443610B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/044,905
- Filed: 2019-04-04
- Published: 2021-05-20
- Granted: 2022-09-13
- Earliest claimed: 2018-04-04
- Assignees: Schneider Electric USA, Inc.
- Applicants: Schneider Electric USA, Inc.
- Inventors: Johannes Menzel
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11443610B2

## CPC

- G08B 21/185: {Electrical failure alarms}
- G01R 19/2513: {Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging}
- G01R 21/00: Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor (G01R7/12 takes precedence)
- G01R 21/133: by using digital technique
- G01R 31/40: Testing power supplies (testing photovoltaic devices H02S50/10)
- G01R 31/56: Testing of electric apparatus (testing of transformers G01R31/62; testing of connections G01R31/66)
- G05B 11/00: Automatic controllers (G05B13/00 takes precedence)
- G05B 13/00: Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion (G05B19/00 takes precedence)
- G05B 19/00: Program-control systems
- G05B 23/024: {Quantitative history assessment, e.g. mathematical relationships between available data; Functions therefor; Principal component analysis [PCA]; Partial least square [PLS]; Statistical classifiers, e.g. Bayesian networks, linear regression or correlation analysis; Neural networks}
- G06Q 10/063: Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q 50/06: Energy or water supply
- G08B 21/182: {Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold}
- G08B 25/08: using communication transmission lines {(G08B13/19658, G08B21/0286, G08B25/016 take precedence)}
- G08B 27/005: {with transmission via computer network}
- G08B 29/00: Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- H02J 3/0012: characterised by the contingency detection means in AC networks, e.g. using phasor measurement units [PMU], synchrophasors or contingency analysis
- H02J 13/12: Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status
- G05B 23/0281: {Quantitative, e.g. mathematical distance; Clustering; Neural networks; Statistical analysis}
- G08B 21/18: Status alarms (G08B21/02 takes precedence)
- Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00)
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y04S 10/18: using switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
- Y04S 10/30: State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
- Y04S 10/52: Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
- Y04S 20/00: Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- G08B: SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

A method for managing smart alarms in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured or derived by at least one intelligent electronic device of a monitoring and control system to identify at least one of power events in the electrical system, or alarms triggered in response to any identified power events. Information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms may be aggregated, and relevant event and/or alarm management groups and/or relevant event and/or alarm periods may be identified from the aggregated information. One or more actions may be triggered, avoided or avoid triggering in response to the identified event management groups and/or the identified event and/or alarm periods. Systems for managing smart alarms are also provided herein.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for managing smart alarms in an electrical system, the method comprising:
processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured or derived by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) of a monitoring and control system (MCS) to identify at least one of power events in the electrical system, or alarms triggered in response to any identified power events;
aggregating information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms;
identifying relevant event and/or alarm management groups and/or relevant event and/or alarm periods from the aggregated information, the event management groups including groups and/or sequences of the identified power events, and/or groups and/or sequences of alarm events triggered in response to the identified alarms;
identifying discriminant characteristics in the events and/or alarms and/or groups and/or sequences and/or periods and/or aggregated information; and
triggering, avoiding or postponing triggering of one or more actions in response to the identified event management groups and/or the identified event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the energy-related signals captured or derived by the at least one IED include at least one of: voltage, current, energy, active power, apparent power, reactive power, harmonic voltages, harmonic currents, total voltage harmonic distortion, total current harmonic distortion, harmonic power, individual phase currents, three-phase currents, phase voltages, line voltages and power factor.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the power events includes identifying power quality event types of the of the power events, the power quality event types including at least one of: a voltage sag, dip or undervoltage, a voltage swell or overvoltage, a voltage or current transient, impulse or spike or notch, a temporary interruption or outage, a voltage unbalance, a voltage flicker, a voltage or current harmonic distortion, a phase shift, a frequency fluctuation, or other voltage or current fluctuations or disturbance (including noise).

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the alarms is triggered in response to the electrical measurement data being above one or more upper alarm thresholds or below one or more lower alarm thresholds, or at least one of the alarms is triggered in response to multiple power events or event groups or event periods or event sequences of the identified power events.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein each IED of the at least one IED is installed or located at a respective metering point of a plurality of metering points in the electrical system, and the energy-related signals captured by each IED are associated with the respective metering point.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein at least one load is installed or located at each metering point of the plurality of metering points, and each IED is configured to monitor the at least one load installed or located at the respective metering point at which the IED is installed or located, wherein the energy-related signals captured by the IED are associated with the at least one load.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms is aggregated based on at least one of: locations of the identified power events in the electrical system, geographic location, application and/or usage, time period(s) or interval(s) or co-occurrences, criticality of the identified alarms to a particular process or application, and device type(s) of the at least one IED.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein identifying discriminant characteristics in the aggregated information, comprises:
identifying breakpoints associated with the event and/or alarm periods;
modeling each of the event and/or alarm periods;
classifying each of the modeled event and/or alarm periods; and
identifying discriminant characteristics in each of the modeled event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the event and/or alarm periods are identified based on detected changes in relevant data from the aggregated information, and the breakpoints associated with the event and/or alarm periods correspond to significant change points in the aggregated information separating one event and/or alarm period from a next event and/or alarm period of the event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein modeling each of the event and/or alarm periods, comprises:
determining a best possible model for each of the event and/or alarm periods; and
modeling each of the event and/or alarm periods based on the determined best possible model.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the best possible model is determined by comparing each event and/or alarm period of the event and/or alarm periods with a previous event and/or alarm period of the event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein an impact of each event and/or alarm period on the electrical system is compared with the impact of a previous event and/or alarm period on the electrical system to determine the best possible model, or to use as discriminant characteristic of each event and/or alarm period in further analysis, determined action or visualization.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein each of the modeled event and/or alarm periods is classified as stable, rising or dropping based on an analysis of the modeled event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the each of the event and/or alarm periods is classified through curve fitting techniques using one or more statistical or machine learning algorithms where slope or slope variations of the event and/or alarm periods are modeled.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a relative criticality score of each of the identified discriminant characteristics to a process or an application associated with the electrical system over a particular time period.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein the relative criticality score is based on an impact of the identified discriminant characteristics to the process or the application over the particular time period.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the impact of the identified discriminant characteristics is related to tangible or intangible costs associated with the identified discriminant characteristics to the process or the application.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, further comprising:
using the determined relative criticality score to prioritize responding to the identified alarms.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
visually representing the aggregated events and/or alarms with their related information, groupings, periods, identified discriminant characteristics on at least one plot, wherein the at least one plot is presented in a report, or on a display device of at least one of the at least one IED and other devices of the MCS.

### Claim 20 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising:
triggering relevant alarms or actions by comparing a real time or time aggregated status of number and/or type of events and/or alarms and/or groups and/or sequences and/or periods and/or any aggregated information or discriminant characteristic, to a derived threshold or type from the model of any of the event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 21 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising:
derive from the groupings and the discriminant characteristics the actionable information and recommendations for the system users to reduce the number of events/alarms in a report or through an IED or any of the components of the MCS or any other system connected to the MCS.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the identified events and/or the identified alarms are enriched with the normal behavior profiles derived from waveform captures associated with the energy-related signals and then are used as comparison for the discriminant dimensions identification and groupings.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the actions that are triggered or postponed include at least one of: shutting down or turning on at least one component in the electrical system, adjusting one or more parameters associated with the at least one component, selectively interrupting power at one or more locations in the electrical system, shutting down or turning on a specific related process in a building management system or in a manufacturing SCADA system, or generating an alarm or sending a status change reusable by other control systems or generating a report.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one component includes at least one load in the electrical system.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the actions that are avoided include launching a specific process step which would be normal in the schedule.

### Claim 26 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the actions are automatically performed by a control device of the MCS.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one IED includes the control device, or the at least one IED is communicatively coupled with the control device.

### Claim 28

A monitoring and control system (MCS) for managing smart alarms in an electrical system, the MCS comprising:
at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) including a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
process electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured or derived by the at least one IED to identify power events in the electrical system, and to identify alarms triggered in response to the identified power events;
aggregate information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms;
identify relevant event management groups and/or relevant event and/or alarm periods from the aggregated information, the event management groups including groups and/or sequences of the identified power events, and/or groups and/or sequences of alarm events triggered in response to the identified alarms;
identifying discriminant characteristics in the events and/or alarms and/or groups and/or sequences and/or periods and/or aggregated information; and
trigger, avoid or postpone triggering of one or more actions in response to the identified event management groups and/or the identified event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The system of claim 28, wherein the at least one IED includes a plurality of IEDs arrange in a hierarchical configuration in the electrical system.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The system of claim 29, wherein each IED of the plurality of IEDs is communicatively coupled to other IEDs of the plurality of IEDs, and each IED is configured to share electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals derived or captured by the IED with the other IEDs.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The system of claim 30, wherein the shared electrical measurement data is processed to identify the power events in the electrical system, and to identify the alarms triggered in response to the identified power events.

### Claim 32 (depends on 28)

The system of claim 28, wherein the MCS includes at least one user device in communication with the at least one IED.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The system of claim 32, wherein the at least one user device is capable of configuring the at least one IED.

### Claim 34 (depends on 28)

The system of claim 28, wherein the processor and the memory of the at least one IED are further configured to:
determine a relative criticality score of each of identified discriminant characteristics to a process or an application associated with the electrical system over a particular time period; and
use the determined relative criticality score to prioritize responding to the identified alarms.

### Claim 35

A monitoring and control system (MCS) for managing smart alarms in an electrical system, the MCS comprising:
at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) configured to capture or derive energy-related signals in the electrical system; and
a diagnostic computing system communicatively coupled to the at least one IED, the diagnostic computing system including a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
process electrical measurement data from or derived from the energy-related signals captured or derived by the at least one IED to identify power events in the electrical system, and to identify alarms triggered in response to the identified power events;
aggregate information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms;
identify relevant event management groups and/or relevant event and/or alarm periods from the aggregated information, the event management groups including groups and/or sequences of the identified power events, and/or groups and/or sequences of alarm events triggered in response to the identified alarms;
identifying discriminant characteristics in the events and/or alarms and/or groups and/or sequences and/or periods and/or aggregated information; and
trigger, avoid or postpone triggering of one or more actions in response to the identified event management groups and/or the identified event and/or alarm periods.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one IED includes a plurality of IEDs, and aggregating information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms includes:
aggregating information related to the identified power events and the identified alarms from the plurality of IEDs.

### Claim 37 (depends on 35)

The system of claim 35, wherein the processor and the memory of the diagnostic computing system are further configured to:
determine a relative criticality score of each of identified discriminant characteristics to a process or an application associated with the electrical system over a particular time period; and
use the determined relative criticality score to prioritize responding to the identified alarms.

### Claim 38 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the triggering, avoiding or postponing triggering of one or more actions is performed based on:
the identified event management groups and identified discriminant characteristics associated therewith, and/or
the identified event and identified discriminant characteristics associated therewith, and/or
the identified alarm periods and identified discriminant characteristics associated therewith.