# US 11,443,073 B2 · Techniques for preventing voltage tampering of security control circuits > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,443,073 B2 - Document ID: US11443073B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/222,564 - Filed: 2018-12-17 - Published: 2019-05-09 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2018-12-17 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Applicants: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Wei Yee Koay; Ting Lu; Ching Kooi Hor; Chin Ghee Ch'ng - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11443073B2 ## CPC - G06F 21/76: in application-specific integrated circuits [ASIC] or field-programmable devices, e.g. field-programmable gate arrays [FPGA] or programmable logic devices [PLD] - G06F 1/08: Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency - H03K 3/0315: {Ring oscillators} - H03K 5/24: the characteristic being amplitude - H03K 19/17768: for security - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) ## Abstract An integrated circuit includes a comparator circuit that generates a control signal based on a comparison between a threshold voltage and a supply voltage. The integrated circuit also includes a clock signal generation circuit that generates a clock signal and that receives the control signal. The clock signal generation circuit decreases a frequency of the clock signal to a reduced frequency in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage has decreased below the threshold voltage. The integrated circuit also includes a secure device manager circuit that has a timing circuit. The clock signal is provided to a clock input of the timing circuit. The timing circuit receives supply current from the supply voltage. The secure device manager circuit performs a security function for the integrated circuit using the timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An integrated circuit comprising: a comparator circuit that generates a control signal based on a comparison between a threshold voltage and a supply voltage; a clock signal generation circuit that generates a clock signal and that receives the control signal, wherein the clock signal generation circuit decreases a frequency of the clock signal to a reduced frequency in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage has decreased below the threshold voltage; and a secure device manager circuit that comprises a first timing circuit, wherein the clock signal is provided to a clock input of the first timing circuit, wherein the first timing circuit receives supply current from the supply voltage, and wherein the secure device manager circuit performs a security function for the integrated circuit using the first timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the clock signal generation circuit comprises a ring oscillator circuit. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the ring oscillator circuit comprises: inverter circuits coupled in a loop; transistors; and capacitors, wherein each of the transistors is coupled between one of the inverter circuits and one of the capacitors, and wherein a control input of each of the transistors is coupled to receive the control signal from the comparator circuit. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the ring oscillator circuit comprises: inverter circuits coupled in a loop; a first transistor comprising a control input coupled to receive the control signal from the comparator circuit; and second transistors, wherein each of the second transistors is coupled between a terminal at the supply voltage and a supply input of one of the inverter circuits, and wherein a control input of each of the second transistors is coupled to a terminal of the first transistor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein the ring oscillator circuit further comprises: a first resistor coupled between a source of the first transistor and a terminal at a ground voltage; and a second resistor coupled to a drain of the first transistor, wherein the second resistor receives supply current from the supply voltage when the first transistor is on, and wherein the control inputs of the second transistors are coupled to the source of the first transistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the secure device manager circuit further comprises a second timing circuit and security logic circuitry, wherein the clock signal is provided to a clock input of the second timing circuit, wherein the security logic circuitry and the second timing circuit receive supply current from the supply voltage, and wherein the security logic circuitry performs the security function in response to input received from the first timing circuit and generates an output that is stored in the second timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a bandgap voltage reference circuit that generates a bandgap reference voltage; and a resistor divider circuit that generates the threshold voltage using the bandgap reference voltage. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit is a programmable logic integrated circuit, and wherein the secure device manager circuit decrypts configuration data for configuring configurable logic circuits in the integrated circuit during a configuration mode and performs authentication of the configuration data prior to entering the configuration mode using the first timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency. ### Claim 9 A method for preventing voltage tampering of a security control circuit in an integrated circuit, the method comprising: comparing a supply voltage to a threshold voltage with a comparator circuit to generate a control signal; providing a clock signal generated by a clock signal generation circuit to a clock input of a first timing circuit in the security control circuit; providing supply current from the supply voltage to the first timing circuit; decreasing a frequency of the clock signal to a reduced frequency with the clock signal generation circuit in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage has decreased below the threshold voltage; performing a security function for the integrated circuit with the security control circuit; and storing data associated with the security function in the first timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency without causing a timing violation in the first timing circuit. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the clock signal generation circuit comprises a ring oscillator circuit. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein decreasing the frequency of the clock signal to the reduced frequency with the clock signal generation circuit in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage has decreased below the threshold voltage comprises: turning on a transistor in response to the control signal to couple a capacitor between an output of a first inverter circuit and an input of a second inverter circuit, wherein the second inverter circuit generates the clock signal at an output. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein decreasing the frequency of the clock signal to the reduced frequency with the clock signal generation circuit in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage has decreased below the threshold voltage comprises: increasing current through a first transistor and a resistor in response to the control signal; and decreasing current through second transistors and inverter circuits in response to the increased current through the first transistor and the resistor, wherein the inverter circuits are coupled in a loop, and wherein one of the inverter circuits generates the clock signal at an output. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein a control input of each of the second transistors is coupled to the first transistor and the resistor, and wherein each of the second transistors is coupled between a terminal at the supply voltage and a supply input of one of the inverter circuits. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising: providing the clock signal to a clock input of a second timing circuit in the security control circuit; and providing supply current from the supply voltage to the second timing circuit and security logic circuitry in the security control circuit, wherein performing the security function for the integrated circuit with the security control circuit comprises performing the security function with the security logic circuitry in response to input received from the first timing circuit, and storing an output of the security logic circuitry in the second timing circuit in response to the clock signal with the reduced frequency without causing a timing violation in the second timing circuit. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein performing the security function for the integrated circuit with the security control circuit comprises: decrypting and authenticating configuration data with security logic circuitry in the security control circuit prior to entering a configuration mode; and configuring configurable logic circuits in the integrated circuit using the configuration data during the configuration mode. ### Claim 16 An integrated circuit comprising: a comparator circuit that generates a control signal based on a comparison between a threshold voltage and a supply voltage; an input buffer circuit coupled to an input/output pad of the integrated circuit; a first control circuit that blocks signal transmission from the input/output pad to the input buffer circuit in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage is less than the threshold voltage; an output buffer circuit coupled to the input/output pad; and a second control circuit that blocks signal transmission from the output buffer circuit to the input/output pad in response to the control signal indicating that the supply voltage is less than the threshold voltage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The integrated circuit of claim 16, further comprising: a bandgap voltage reference circuit that generates a bandgap reference voltage; and a resistor divider circuit that generates the threshold voltage using the bandgap reference voltage. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The integrated circuit of claim 16, further comprising: a secure device manager circuit that performs a security function for the integrated circuit, wherein the secure device manager circuit receives the supply voltage at a supply input. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the first control circuit comprises a first AND or NAND logic gate circuit, and wherein the second control circuit comprises a second AND or NAND logic gate circuit. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the first control circuit comprises a first pull-down logic circuit, and wherein the second control circuit comprises a second pull-down logic circuit.