# US 11,442,546 B2 · Method and apparatus for finger position tracking and haptic display using conductive islands > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,442,546 B2 - Document ID: US11442546B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/924,818 - Filed: 2020-07-09 - Published: 2020-11-12 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2015-06-10 - Assignees: Northwestern University - Applicants: Northwestern University - Inventors: James E. Colgate; Michael A. Peshkin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11442546B2 ## CPC - G06F 3/016: {Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user} - G06F 3/0416: {Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers} - G06F 3/04164: {Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads} - G06F 3/044: by capacitive means - G06F 3/0446: {using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes} - G09B 21/003: {using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays} - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B) ## Abstract A touchscreen includes conductive islands that are capacitively coupled to conductive traces, where they may be used to provide capacitive sensing of the position of one or more fingers in contact with a touchscreen and/or to exert haptic forces on one or more fingers in contact with a touchscreen. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A surface haptic display comprising: a front surface having a plurality of conductive islands disposed at a depth in close proximity to the front surface, and wherein each of the plurality of conductive islands are conductively isolated; a plurality of conductive traces operatively connected to the surface haptic display; and a control device configured to apply positive and negative voltage signals to the plurality of conductive traces, wherein each conductive island is substantially capacitively coupled to at least two of the conductive traces, wherein an attractive electrostatic force is generated on a fingertip contiguous with the front surface that increases a perceived friction force on the fingertip against movement of the fingertip parallel to the front surface when at least one of the conductive islands that is close to the fingertip is charged via a capacitive coupling of the at least one conductive island to the at least two conductive traces that are in proximity to the at least one conductive island, wherein the at least two conductive traces cancel or enhance the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island, wherein application of a negative voltage signal to both of the at least two conductive traces is configured to enhance the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island, and wherein application of a positive voltage signal to one of the at least two conductive traces and application of a negative voltage signal to the other of the at least two conductive traces is configured to cancel the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein a location of the fingertip in contact with the surface haptic display is determined by measuring a decrease in a mutual capacitance of at least two of the plurality of conductive traces each of which are substantially capacitively coupled to one of the plurality of conductive islands, wherein the presence of the fingertip in proximity to the one of the plurality of conductive islands increases a self-capacitance of the one of the plurality of conductive islands and correspondingly decreases the mutual capacitance. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein the plurality of conductive islands are arranged in an array, wherein each of the plurality of conductive traces pass through the array in a zigzag pattern. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the conductive traces are electrically connected to additional electronics. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein a capacitive coupling connects a plurality of the conductive traces to additional electronics. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of conductive traces is disposed below the conductive islands. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein a magnitude of the friction force is relative to a duty cycle of a signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The surface haptic display of claim 1, wherein a touch location is determined by transmitting a signal from at least one conductive trace, and receiving a signal from at least one conductive trace. ### Claim 9 A method of generating haptic feedback on a surface haptic display, the method including the steps of: disposing a plurality of conductive islands at a first depth in close proximity to a front surface; conductively isolating each of the plurality of conductive islands; disposing a plurality of conductive traces at a second depth, each conductive island being substantially capacitively coupled to at least two of the conductive traces; generating an attractive electrostatic force on a fingertip contiguous with the front surface; and charging at least one of the conductive islands that is close to the fingertip via a capacitive coupling to the at least two conductive traces that are in proximity to the at least one conductive island and wherein the attractive electrostatic force on the fingertip contiguous with the front surface increases a perceived friction force on the fingertip against movement of the fingertip parallel to the front surface; and enhancing the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island by applying one of positive voltage signals to the at least two conductive traces and negative voltage signals to the at least two conductive traces. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of cancelling the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island by applying a positive voltage signal to one of the at least two conductive traces and applying a negative voltage signal to the other of the at least two conductive traces. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of measuring a mutual capacitance of the plurality of the conductive traces to determine a location of a fingertip in contact with the surface haptic display. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of arranging the plurality of conductive islands in an array and arranging each of the plurality of conductive traces through the array in a zigzag pattern. ### Claim 13 A haptic device comprising: a surface haptic display comprising a front surface; a plurality of conductive islands disposed at a depth in close proximity to the front surface, and wherein each of the plurality of conductive islands are conductively isolated; a plurality of conductive traces operatively connected to the surface haptic display, wherein each conductive island is substantially capacitively coupled to at least two of the conductive traces; and a control device configured to apply positive and negative voltage signals to the plurality of conductive traces, wherein an attractive electrostatic force is generated on a fingertip contiguous with the front surface that increases a perceived friction force on the fingertip against movement of the fingertip parallel to the front surface when at least one of the conductive islands that is close to the fingertip is charged via a capacitive coupling of the at least one conductive island to the at least two conductive traces that are in proximity to the at least one conductive island, wherein application of a positive voltage signal to both of the at least two conductive traces is configured to enhance the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island, wherein application of a negative voltage signal to both of the at least two conductive traces is configured to enhance the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island, and wherein application of a positive voltage signal to one of the at least two conductive traces and application of a negative voltage signal to the other of the at least two conductive traces is configured to cancel the electrostatic attraction of the fingertip to the at least one conductive island. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The haptic device of claim 13, wherein a location of the fingertip in contact with the surface haptic display is determined by measuring a decrease in a mutual capacitance of at least two of the plurality of conductive traces each of which are substantially capacitively coupled to one of the plurality of conductive islands, wherein the presence of the fingertip in proximity to the one of the plurality of conductive islands increases a self-capacitance of the one of the plurality of conductive islands and correspondingly decreases the mutual capacitance. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The haptic device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of conductive islands are arranged in an array, wherein each of the plurality of conductive traces pass through the array in a zigzag pattern. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The haptic device of claim 13, wherein a plurality of the conductive traces are electrically connected to additional electronics. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The haptic device of claim 13, wherein a capacitive coupling connects a plurality of the conductive traces to additional electronics. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The haptic device of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of conductive traces is disposed below the conductive islands.