# US 11,442,474 B2 · Adjusting load on tethered aircraft

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 11,442,474 B2
- Document ID: US11442474B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/913,250
- Filed: 2020-06-26
- Published: 2021-03-18
- Granted: 2022-09-13
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-27
- Assignees: Kitty Hawk Corporation
- Applicants: Kitty Hawk Corporation
- Inventors: Damon Vander Lind; Gregory Mainland Horn
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11442474B2

## CPC

- G05D 1/104: {involving a plurality of aircrafts, e.g. formation flying (traffic control systems for aircraft G08G5/00)}
- B64C 13/16: actuated automatically, e.g. responsive to gust detectors
- B64D 1/22: Taking-up articles from earth's surface
- B64D 31/06: actuated automatically
- B64U 2101/60: for transporting passengers; for transporting goods other than weapons
- B64U 2201/102: adapted for flying in formations
- G05D: SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- B64C: AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64D: EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64U: UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR

## Abstract

A system for adjusting a load on a tethered aircraft is disclosed. The aircraft is tethered to a payload. The system determines a new position for the tethered aircraft in the event that due to environmental effects, e.g., the aircraft is flying upwind or downwind, the load experienced by the tethered aircraft is not optimal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system to adjust a load including:
an interface to receive wind information associated with a first aircraft included in a plurality of aircraft, wherein the plurality of aircraft includes a second aircraft, wherein the first aircraft and the second aircraft fly opposite from each other in an original elliptical trajectory; and
a processor configured to:
determine based at least in part on the wind information whether the first aircraft included in the plurality of aircraft tethered to a payload and flying initially in the original elliptical trajectory is flying upwind or downwind;
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying downwind, cause the first aircraft to fly further from a vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory; and
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying upwind, cause the first aircraft to fly nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory, wherein:
the first aircraft and the second aircraft maintain a set phase difference between each other; and
in response to a determination that a variance in the set phase difference between the first aircraft and the second aircraft has been detected, perform one or more of the following:
adjust a trajectory of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference;
adjust a throttle of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference; and/or
adjust a load of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of aircraft are in the process of lifting the payload.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the second aircraft of the plurality of aircraft is configured to fly nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory in the event the first aircraft flies further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory and is configured to fly further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory in the event the first aircraft flies nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the second aircraft of the plurality of aircraft is configured to fly nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory in the event the second aircraft is flying upwind and is configured to fly further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory in the event the second aircraft is flying downwind.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein in the event the first aircraft is flying upwind or downwind, the original elliptical trajectory of the plurality of aircraft is translated.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the first aircraft diverts from the original elliptical trajectory in the event the first aircraft is flying upwind or downwind and returns to the original elliptical trajectory in the event the first aircraft is no longer flying upwind or downwind.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the first aircraft maintains a fixed distance from the payload.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein flying further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory comprises one or more of the following: decreasing a tether angle of the first aircraft or decreasing an altitude of the first aircraft.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein flying nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory comprises one or more of the following: increasing a tether angle of the first aircraft or increasing an altitude of the first aircraft.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the first aircraft is determined to be flying upwind or downwind based on one or more of the following: a speed, a direction, an air density, an air viscosity, an air compressibility, a speed of sound, lift information, or a tether tension.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein flying the first aircraft nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory increases the load experienced by the first aircraft due to the payload and decreases the load experienced by the second aircraft of the plurality of aircraft due to the payload.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein flying the first aircraft further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory decreases the load experienced by the first aircraft due to the payload and increases the load experienced by the second aircraft of the plurality of aircraft due to the payload.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein a time duration or a distance the first aircraft flies nearer to or further from the vertical axis of the payload is determined based on a gain schedule.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the gain schedule maps a wind speed to a quantitative change to an aircraft trajectory.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the gain schedule is determined to maximize a lift capacity of the first aircraft lifting the payload.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the first aircraft and the second aircraft are not in communications with each other.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein flying the first aircraft nearer to or further from the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory compensates for wind effects.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein in response to a determination that a variance in the set phase difference between the first aircraft and the second aircraft has been detected, perform two or more of the following:
adjust a trajectory of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference;
adjust a throttle of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference; and/or
adjust a load of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein in response to a determination that a variance in the set phase difference between the first aircraft and the second aircraft has been detected, perform the following:
adjust a trajectory of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference;
adjust a throttle of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference; and
adjust a load of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference.

### Claim 20

A method for adjusting a load on a tethered aircraft, comprising:
receiving wind information associated with a first aircraft included in a plurality of aircraft, wherein the plurality of aircraft includes a second aircraft, wherein the first aircraft and the second aircraft fly opposite from each other in an original elliptical trajectory;
determining based at least in part on the wind information whether the first aircraft included in the plurality of aircraft tethered to a payload and flying initially in the original elliptical trajectory is flying upwind or downwind;
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying downwind, causing the first aircraft to fly further from a vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory; and
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying upwind, causing the first aircraft to fly nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory, wherein:
the first aircraft and the second aircraft maintain a set phase difference between each other; and
in response to a determination that a variance in the set phase difference between the first aircraft and the second aircraft has been detected, perform one or more of the following:
adjusting a trajectory of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference;
adjusting a throttle of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference; and/or
adjusting a load of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference.

### Claim 21

A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer instructions for:
receiving wind information associated with a first aircraft included in a plurality of aircraft, wherein the plurality of aircraft includes a second aircraft, wherein the first aircraft and the second aircraft fly opposite from each other in an original elliptical trajectory;
determining based at least in part on the wind information whether the first aircraft included in the plurality of aircraft tethered to a payload and flying initially in the original elliptical trajectory is flying upwind or downwind;
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying downwind, causing the first aircraft to fly further from a vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory; and
in the event the first aircraft is determined to be flying upwind, causing the first aircraft to fly nearer to the vertical axis of the payload than a corresponding distance associated with the original elliptical trajectory, wherein:
the first aircraft and the second aircraft maintain a set phase difference between each other; and
in response to a determination that a variance in the set phase difference between the first aircraft and the second aircraft has been detected, perform one or more of the following:
adjusting a trajectory of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference;
adjusting a throttle of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference; and/or
adjusting a load of at least one of the first aircraft and the second aircraft to maintain the set phase difference.