# US 11,441,502 B2 · Start-up method for a vehicle with a hybrid propulsion system

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- Number: US 11,441,502 B2
- Document ID: US11441502B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/956,729
- Filed: 2017-12-29
- Published: 2020-10-22
- Granted: 2022-09-13
- Earliest claimed: 2017-12-29
- Assignees: Volvo Truck Corporation
- Applicants: Volvo Truck Corporation
- Inventors: Lennart Andersson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11441502B2

## CPC

- F02D 41/0255: {to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start}
- B01D 53/9418: {for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas}
- B01D 53/944: {Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts (three-way-catalysts [TWC] B01D53/9445)}
- B01D 53/9477: {with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems}
- B01J 23/22: Vanadium
- B01J 29/04: having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites {(B01J29/005 takes precedence)}
- B60K 6/24: characterised by the combustion engines
- B60K 6/26: characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60W 10/06: including control of combustion engines
- B60W 10/08: including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
- B60W 10/30: including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
- B60W 20/00: Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles {(hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L)}
- B60W 20/15: Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W 20/16: for reducing engine exhaust emissions
- F01N 3/035: with catalytic reactors
- F01N 3/0842: {Nitrogen oxides}
- F01N 3/103: {Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only}
- F01N 3/2006: {Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating (by electrically controlling the supply of combustible mixture or its constituents only F02D41/0235)}
- F01N 3/2066: {Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]}
- F01N 3/208: {Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent}
- F01N 3/2882: {Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices (combined with absorbents or adsorbents only F01N3/0814; combined with particulate filters F01N3/035)}
- F01N 13/0093: {the purifying devices are of the same type}
- F02D 33/006: {depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions}
- F02D 41/0007: {for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines (control of the pumps per se F02B37/12)}
- F02D 41/0055: {Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus}
- F02D 41/0235: {in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus (control of exhaust gas treating apparatus per se F01N)}
- F02D 41/062: {for starting (F02D41/061 takes precedence)}
- F02D 41/068: {for warming-up}
- F02D 41/1446: {the characteristics being exhaust temperatures}
- F02M 26/05: High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
- F02M 26/06: Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
- F02M 26/07: Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
- F02M 26/22: with coolers in the recirculation passage
- B01D 2255/20723: Vanadium
- B01D 2255/20761: Copper
- B01D 2255/50: Zeolites
- F01N 2370/04: Zeolitic material
- F01N 2430/00: Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N 2430/06: by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
- F01N 2510/06: for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N 2590/11: for hybrid vehicles
- F01N 2610/02: the substance being ammonia or urea
- F01N 2610/1453: Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N 2900/08: said parameters being related to the engine
- F01N 2900/1602: Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
- F01N 2900/1806: Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F02B 37/00: Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02D 2200/0804: Estimation of the temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
- F02D 2250/26: by applying a torque limit
- F02D 2250/36: Control for minimising NOx emissions
- Y02A 50/20: Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies
- Y02T 10/62: Hybrid vehicles
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B60K: ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60W: CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)
- F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G)
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A start-up method for heating a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) module in a hybrid propulsion system of a vehicle. An internal combustion engine is in fluid communication with an exhaust aftertreatment system having an exhaust. An SCR module is disposed in the exhaust passage downstream of the engine and an electric motor. The method includes operating the engine in a start-up mode with a torque restriction on the engine, allowing the SCR module to convert NOx emission; supplying a surplus amount of a reducing agent to the exhaust gas at a position between the engine and the SCR module, the surplus amount of the reducing agent being larger than a required amount of reducing agent for converting NOx emission from the engine; heating said SCR module to a working temperature; and terminating the start-up mode.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A start-up method for heating a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) module in a hybrid propulsion system of a vehicle, said system comprising an electric motor operatively connected to an internal combustion engine producing exhaust gas, said electric motor and said internal combustion engine being operable to power said vehicle, and said internal combustion engine being in fluid communication with an exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS) having an exhaust passage and comprising the SCR module, said SCR module being disposed in said exhaust passage downstream of said engine and said electric motor, comprising the steps of: operating the engine in a start-up mode with a torque restriction on the engine, allowing the SCR module to convert NOx emission; performing a high pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of exhaust gases transported in the exhaust passage downstream of the engine, while further comprising terminating the high pressure EGR; supplying a surplus amount of a reducing agent to the exhaust gas at a position between the engine and the SCR module, the surplus amount of the reducing agent being larger than a required amount of reducing agent for converting the NOx emission from the engine; heating said SCR module to a working temperature; terminating the start-up mode including switching from said high pressure EGR to a low pressure EGR, while changing from supplying the surplus amount of the reducing agent to the required amount of reducing agent for converting NOx emission from the engine, thereby terminating the torque restriction on the engine and the supply of the surplus amount of the reducing agent.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, further comprising switching from said high pressure EGR to said low pressure EGR is performed by directing at least a portion of exhaust gases in said exhaust passage via said low pressure EGR.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, further comprising operating the engine with the torque restriction comprises the step of providing additional power by the electric motor if the amount of power from the engine operated with the torque restriction is less than the required amount of power for operating the vehicle.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, further comprising operating the engine with the torque restriction is performed by controlling a flow of fuel to the engine.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, wherein, when said engine is operated in the start-up mode, the SCR module is operated to convert more than 95% of the NOx emission.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, wherein said EATS comprises a diesel oxygen catalyst (DOC) and said SCR module having an SCR catalyst coated on a diesel particulate filter, said DOC being arranged upstream of said SCR module and in fluid communication with each other by a reductant mixing chamber.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

Method according to claim 6, further comprising performing the high pressure EGR is performed on exhaust gases in the exhaust passage upstream of said DOC.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

Method according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a turbocharger disposed in said exhaust passage and downstream of said SCR module and upstream of an additional SCR module, thereby said SCR module is a pre-turbo SCR module and said additional SCR module is a post-turbo SCR module.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

Method according to claim 8, further comprising heating the post-turbo SCR module to a corresponding working temperature.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

Method according to claim 8, wherein an SCR catalyst in the pre-turbo SCR module is a CU-zeolite-based catalyst and an SCR catalyst in the post-turbo SCR module is a vanadia-based catalyst.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

Method according to claim 8, wherein the EATS comprising a low pressure EGR line in fluid communication with the exhaust passage at a position downstream of said turbocharger, said low pressure EGR line comprises an EGR cooler and an EGR line SCR catalyst.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

Method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of supplying an additional amount of reducing agent to the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage at a position between said low pressure EGR line and said post-turbo SCR module.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

A computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps of claim 1 when said program is run on a computer.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A non-transitory computer readable medium carrying a computer program comprising program code for performing the steps of claim 1 when said program code is run on a computer.