# US 11,441,081 B2 · Systems and methods for renewable fuel

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- Number: US 11,441,081 B2
- Document ID: US11441081B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/575,997
- Filed: 2019-09-19
- Published: 2020-08-13
- Granted: 2022-09-13
- Earliest claimed: 2011-12-12
- Assignees: Ensyn Renewables, Inc.
- Applicants: Ensyn Renewables, Inc.
- Inventors: Barry A. Freel; Robert G. Graham
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11441081B2

## CPC

- C10G 11/00: Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils (cracking in direct contact with molten metals or salts C10G9/34)
- B01J 4/002: {Nozzle-type elements (nozzle-type reactors B01J19/26)}
- B01J 4/008: {Feed or outlet control devices}
- B01J 8/0055: {using cyclones}
- B01J 8/1827: {the fluidising gas being a reactant}
- B01J 8/24: according to "fluidised-bed" technique (B01J8/20 takes precedence)
- B01J 8/26: with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
- B01J 19/0013: {Controlling the temperature of the process}
- C10G 1/00: Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal (mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, or the like B03B)
- C10G 1/002: {in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes}
- C10G 1/02: by distillation
- C10G 3/42: {Catalytic treatment}
- C10G 3/57: {according to the fluidised bed technique}
- C10G 11/18: according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
- C10G 45/02: to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G 65/043: {at least one step being a change in the structural skeleton}
- C10L 1/04: essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L 1/06: for spark ignition
- C10L 1/1616: {fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine}
- C10L 1/1802: {natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils}
- C10L 1/1817: {Compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained}
- G06Q 40/04: Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
- G06Q 50/06: Energy or water supply
- B01J 2204/002: the feeding side being of particular interest
- B01J 2208/00017: Controlling the temperature
- B01J 2208/00902: Nozzle-type feeding elements
- C10G 2300/1011: Biomass
- C10G 2300/202: Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
- C10G 2300/4056: Retrofitting operations
- C10G 2400/02: Gasoline
- C10L 2200/0453: Petroleum or natural waxes, e.g. paraffin waxes, asphaltenes
- C10L 2200/0469: Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L 2270/02: for internal combustion engines
- C10L 2270/023: for gasoline engines
- C10L 2270/026: for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
- C10L 2270/04: for turbines, planes, power generation
- C10L 2290/143: of fuel
- C10L 2290/24: Mixing, stirring of fuel components
- Y02E 50/10: Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
- Y02E 50/30: Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
- Y02P 30/20: using bio-feedstock
- C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A fuel, comprising:
a product of a fluidized catalytic cracker having a petroleum fraction and an unenriched renewable fuel oil as reactants wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid produced from a rapid thermal or catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass and has a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. % and a pH of between 2 to 5.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The fuel of claim 1, wherein the petroleum fraction is VGO.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises a fuel composition derived from:
i) 80-99.95 wt. % of the petroleum fraction feedstock; and
ii) 0.05-20 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil feedstock.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the prepared fuel is a transportation fuel.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid from the thermal conversion of from a cellulosic biomass.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid produced from the thermal conversion process of ground biomass.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a pH in the range of between 2 to 3.5.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a water content in the range of between 15-30 wt. %.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil has in the range of between 35-80 wt. % carbon content and in the range of between 20-50 wt. % oxygen content, on a dry basis or moisture-free basis.

### Claim 10

A method of preparing a fuel, comprising:
processing a petroleum fraction feedstock with an unenriched renewable fuel oil feedstock in the presence of a catalyst wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid produced from a rapid thermal or catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass and has a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. % and a pH of between 2 to 5.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the fuel is a transportation fuel.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the feedstocks are co-processed in a continuous conversion unit.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method according to claim 12, wherein the conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is derived from a thermal conversion of the cellulosic biomass.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid produced from the thermal conversion process of ground biomass.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the catalyst-to-oil ratio is in the range of between 4:1 to 15:1.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil makes up less than 10 wt. % of the total feedstock.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the yield of fuel product from the process is equivalent to or greater than the yield of fuel product resulting from running the process with no renewable fuel oil feedstock, on an input energy basis of the feedstock.

### Claim 19 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the fuel is completely compatible with fuel derived with no renewable fuel oil feedstock.

### Claim 20 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil is an unenriched whole liquid produced from the rapid thermomechanical conversion process of the biomass.