# US 11,439,568 B2 · Smart prompting to improve responders CPR performance > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,439,568 B2 - Document ID: US11439568B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/645,842 - Filed: 2018-09-18 - Published: 2020-09-24 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2017-09-19 - Assignees: Koninklijke Philips N.V. - Applicants: Koninklijke Philips N.V. - Inventors: Dawn Blilie Jorgenson; Chenguang Liu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11439568B2 ## CPC - A61H 31/005: {with feedback for the user} - A61H 31/007: {Manual driven} - A61N 1/39044: {in combination with cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] therapy} - A61N 1/3925: {Monitoring; Protecting} - A61N 1/3993: {User interfaces for automatic external defibrillators} - G16H 20/40: relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture - G16H 40/63: for local operation - A61B 5/086: {by impedance pneumography} - A61H: PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY (electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, radiation therapy or ultrasound therapy A61N) - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract An apparatus and method provides improved guidance instructions to providers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compressions in a cardiac arrest event. The apparatus detects CPR rate and/or changes in CPR rate, and issues prompts related to checking the depth of compressions based upon the rate/rate change detection. The prompts may be aural or visual. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An automated external defibrillator for guiding the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compressions, comprising: a pair of electrodes configured to obtain electrical signals related to changes in a transthoracic impedance related to a plurality of CPR compressions; a front end circuit in electrical communication with the pair of electrodes and configured to convert the electrical signals into a plurality of CPR compressions signals; a hardware processor in communication with the front end circuit and configured to determine a CPR rate and a change in the CPR rate based upon the plurality of CPR compressions signals; and a user output configured to issue at least an aural CPR guidance prompt related to adjusting the depth of compression based upon a determined change in the CPR rate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the electrical signals are selected from one of transthoracic impedance signals or common mode current signals. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the user output comprises one or more of an audio speaker and a visual display, and further wherein the CPR guidance prompt comprises a “push hard” prompt. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, further comprising one or more of an audio speaker and a visual display, and further wherein the CPR guidance prompt comprises a “push two inches” prompt. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the user output is further configured to issue at least an aural CPR guidance prompt related to adjusting the depth of compression based upon a determined zero CPR rate for a predetermined duration of time. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The automated external defibrillator of claim 5, wherein the predetermined duration of time is less than about 10 seconds. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the user output is further configured to issue at least an aural CPR guidance prompt related to adjusting the depth of compression based upon a determined CPR rate that is known to be ineffective. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The automated external defibrillator of claim 7, wherein the determined CPR rate is greater than about 130 compressions per minute. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The automated external defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the determined change in the CPR rate is a magnitude of about 40 compressions per minute. ### Claim 10 A method for improving CPR guidance, comprising the steps of: providing a device for guiding the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compressions, the device including a housing, a sensor operable to detect a parameter related to a CPR compression and to output the parameter, a processor disposed in the housing, the processor configured to receive the parameter from the sensor, determine a CPR rate based on the parameter and determine a change in CPR rate from the CPR rate, and a user output configured to issue a CPR guidance prompt related to adjusting the depth of compression based upon the determined change in CPR rate; automatically detecting the change in the CPR rate by the device; and issuing a guidance instruction related to a depth of compression based on the automatically detecting step. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of : comparing the change in CPR rate to a predetermined high threshold of a change in CPR rate, and issuing the guidance instruction if the detected change in the CPR rate exceeds the threshold. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the high threshold of a change in CPR rate is about 40 compressions per minute. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising a step, prior to the automatically detecting step, of determining a CPR rate that is within a range that is known to be effective. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the processor in the providing step is further configured to execute a cardiac rescue protocol that includes a non-interruptible CPR pause period during which the user output is configured to automatically issue guidance prompts related to providing CPR compressions and an ECG analysis period during which the user output is configured to automatically issue guidance prompts related to refraining from CPR compressions, wherein the automatically detecting step occurs only during the non-interruptible CPR pause period. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the issuing step comprises one of an audible and visual guidance instruction to “push hard”.