# US 11,432,748 B2 · Common depth noninvasive glucose concentration determination analyzer apparatus and method of use thereof

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- Number: US 11,432,748 B2
- Document ID: US11432748B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/777,832
- Filed: 2020-01-30
- Published: 2020-10-29
- Granted: 2022-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2016-06-28
- Applicants: Roxanne Abul-Haj; Kevin Hazen; Christopher Slawinski; Benjamin Mbouombouo; Alodeep Sanyal; Alan Abul-Haj
- Inventors: Roxanne Abul-Haj; Kevin Hazen; Christopher Slawinski; Benjamin Mbouombouo; Alodeep Sanyal; Alan Abul-Haj
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11432748B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement}
- A61B 5/0022: {Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet}
- A61B 5/0051: {by applying vibrations}
- A61B 5/0059: {using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence (photoacoustic A61B5/0093; optical measurement of heart rate A61B5/02416; optical measurement of blood flow A61B5/0261; optical measurement of analytes A61B5/1455)}
- A61B 5/0097: {by applying acoustic waves and detecting light, i.e. acousto-optic measurements}
- A61B 5/1455: using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B 5/6832: {using adhesives (conductive adhesive for bioelectric electrodes A61B5/259)}
- G01J 2003/102: {Plural sources}
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N)

## Abstract

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for sampling optical pathways having a common tissue depth, such as a maximum mean depth of penetration in the dermis, with a common detector of a person for analysis in a noninvasive analyte property determination system, comprising the steps of: probing skin with a range of illumination zone-to-detection zone distances with at least two wavelength ranges, which optionally overlap, and detecting, using a common detector, illumination zone-to-detection zone distances having mean optical pathways probing the common tissue layer, such as without the mean optical pathways entering the subcutaneous fat layer of the person. Optionally, the skin tissue layers are modulated and/or treated via tissue displacement before and/or during data collection.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for measuring photonic output from skin of a person for use in a noninvasive analyte determination system, comprising the steps of:
providing an analyzer, comprising:
a first source system, a second source system, a third source system, and a detector system all at least partially embedded into a probe housing;
a first illumination zone optically coupled to said first source system, a second illumination zone optically coupled to said second source system, and a third illumination zone optically coupled to said third source system;
a common detection zone optically coupled to said first detector system, said first illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a first radial distance, said second illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a second radial distance, and said third illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a third radial distance, said third radial distance greater than said second radial distance, and said second radial distance greater than said first radial distance; and
respectively detecting, from the skin of the person, a first photonic signal, a second photonic signal, and a third photonic signal from said first source system, said second source system, and said third source system as a function of time, said first photonic signal comprising a first absorbance-to-first radial distance ratio at least ten percent greater than a second absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of said second photonic signal, said second absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of said second photonic signal at least ten percent greater than a third absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of said third photonic signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
said first source system illuminating said first illumination zone with first photons in a range of 1390 to 1480 nm without illuminating in a range of 1000 to 1200 nm and without illuminating in a range of 1600 to 1900 nm;
said second source system illuminating said second illumination zone with second photons in a range of 1490 to 1590 nm without illuminating in a range of 1650 to 1750 nm; and
said third source system illuminating said third illumination zone with third photons in a range of 1650 to 1800 nm without illuminating in a range of 1100 to 1300 nm and without illuminating in a range of 1500 to 1550 nm.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
the first photons laterally traversing said first radial distance, said first radial distance comprising less than one millimeter;
the second photons laterally traversing said second radial distance, said second radial distance at least twenty percent greater than said first radial distance; and
the third photons laterally traversing said third radial distance, said third radial distance at least twenty percent greater than said second radial distance.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
said first source system illuminating said first illumination zone with first photons in a first wavelength range;
said second source system illuminating said second illumination zone with second photons in a second wavelength range;
said third source system illuminating said third illumination zone with third photons in a third wavelength range, said first wavelength range not overlapping any of said second wavelength range and said third wavelength range, said second wavelength range not overlapping said third wavelength range.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
a transducer, attached to said probe housing, vibrating with a frequency in a range of five to sixty Hertz.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
a transducer providing a ping of energy from said probe housing into the skin under control of a processor of said analyzer.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of:
said ping of energy temporarily moving a skin layer boundary between a dermis layer of the skin and a subcutaneous fat layer of the skin.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of:
detecting a change in signal using said first detector signal resultant from said ping of energy.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of:
said processor wirelessly transmitting data from said analyzer.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
temporarily affixing said probe housing to the skin with a double sided adhesive.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
sampling a first maximum mean depth, a second maximum mean depth, and a third maximum mean depth of penetration into the skin of the person, respectively, with said first source system, said second source system, and said third source system, said first maximum mean depth, said second maximum mean depth, and said third maximum mean depth of penetration within a depth range of one millimeter.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
sampling a maximum mean depth range of penetration into the dermis of the skin of the person, respectively, with said first source system, said second source system, and said third source system.

### Claim 13

An apparatus for measuring photonic output from skin of a person for use in a noninvasive analyte determination system, comprising:
an analyzer, comprising:
a first source system, a second source system, a third source system, and a detector system all at least partially embedded into an probe housing;
a first illumination zone optically coupled to said first source system, a second illumination zone optically coupled to said second source system, and a third illumination zone optically coupled to said third source system;
a common detection zone optically coupled to said first detector system, said first illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a first radial distance, said second illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a second radial distance, and said third illumination zone separated from said common detection zone by a third radial distance, said third radial distance greater than said second radial distance, said second radial distance greater than said first radial distance; and
said first detector system configured to detect a first photonic signal, a second photonic signal, and a third photonic signal, respectively, from said first source system, said second source system, and said third source system as a function of time, said first photonic signal comprising a first diode configured to emit first photons with a first absorbance-to-first radial distance ratio at least ten percent greater than a second absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of the second photonic signal from a second diode configured to emit second photons, said second absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of the second photonic signal at least ten percent greater than a third absorbance-to-second radial distance ratio of the third photonic signal from a third diode.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
said first source system comprising said first diode, said second source system comprising said second diode, and said third source system comprising said third source diode, said second diode configured to emit photons in a range of 1500 to 1550 nm.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, said third diode further comprising:
a laser diode configured to emit light in a range of 1650 to 1750 nm.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a transducer at least partially embedded in said probe housing, said transducer configured to vibrate at a frequency in a range of five to sixty Hertz.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, said first detection zone coupled to a single fiber optic comprising a length of less than five millimeters.