# US 11,432,531 B2 · Systems, methods, and apparatuses for implementing real time beef cattle monitoring utilizing radio-frequency identification (RFID) based technologies

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- Number: US 11,432,531 B2
- Document ID: US11432531B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/826,709
- Filed: 2020-03-23
- Published: 2021-09-23
- Granted: 2022-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2019-03-22
- Assignees: Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Arizona State University
- Applicants: Arizona Board of Regents on Behalf of Arizona State University
- Inventors: Jesus Rene Villalobos; Octavio Sanchez; Cesar Meneses
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11432531B2

## CPC

- A01K 11/004: {with electronic identification means, e.g. transponders}
- A01K 5/01: Feed troughs; Feed pails
- A01K 5/02: Automatic devices {(automatic identification devices for stock A01K11/006)}
- A01K 29/005: {Monitoring or measuring activity}
- G06K 7/10356: {using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas}
- G06K 19/07758: {arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag}
- A01K: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS

## Abstract

In accordance with embodiments disclosed herein, there are provided methods and systems for real-time beef cattle monitoring utilizing Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) based technologies. For example, there is disclosed a system having at least a memory to store instructions; a processor to execute the instructions; a database to store data for heads of livestock, wherein each head of livestock is individually identified via a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag, the RFID tag uniquely identifying each of the heads of livestock to the system; a plurality of antennas to read information transmitted from the RFID tags; a transactional and analytical server to receive the information transmitted from the RFID tags and to store the information in the database; wherein the transactional and analytical server to further analyze the information stored in the database to identify when each head of livestock is present within a defined feeding zone; and monitoring the heads of livestock for anomalous feeding behavior based on the analysis. Other related embodiments are disclosed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for monitoring livestock, wherein the system comprises:
a memory to store instructions;
a processor to execute the instructions;
a database system to store data for heads of livestock, wherein each head of livestock is individually identifiable via a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag affixed to each of the heads of livestock, the RFID tag uniquely identifying each of the heads of livestock to the system;
an antenna array formed from a plurality of antennas configurable to read information transmitted from the RFID tags upon any one or more of the heads of livestock entering a defined feeding zone;
a transactional and analytical server to receive the information transmitted from the RFID tags and to store the information in the database system defining at least (i) a time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) a time of exit from the defined feeding zone;
wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to analyze the information stored in the database system to determine when each head of livestock is present within the defined feeding zone;
wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to monitor the heads of livestock for anomalous feeding behavior based on the analysis; and
wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to trigger an automatic alert notification when the anomalous feeding behavior is identified for any one of the heads of livestock.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the defined feeding zone comprises one of:
a feeding trough;
a feeding pen;
a feed dispenser; and
a feeding area isolated by a control point through which any head of livestock must pass to gain access to the feeding area.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is configured as one of:
a portal configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a reading arc at an entrance, exit, or control point through which any head of livestock must pass to gain access to the livestock's feed;
an area configuration for which the plurality of antennas form irradiate a defined area or geographic segment of a feedlot facility into which any head of livestock must enter to gain access to the livestock's feed; and
a shelf configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a three-dimensional pattern from which a reading volume is created at a feeder detecting and identifying each head of livestock individually at the time the RFID tag enters the feeder.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag is affixed to each respective head of cattle by one of:
a livestock ear tag having the RFID tag embodied therein at the time of manufacture;
an earring affixed to each respective head of cattle capable of attaching with the RFID tag;
an implantable pellet having the RFID tag embodied therein and affixed to the body of each respective head of cattle via a subcutaneous implant; and
a wearable collar work by each respective head of cattle.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna array formed from the plurality of antennas is further configurable to track a trajectory of each respective head of cattle through multiple defined zones of a feedlot including ingress and egress from the defined feeding zone.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to store directional pathing information in the database system defining either a traversed route or one or more zones through which each respective head of cattle has traversed in addition to (i) the time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) the time of exit from the defined feeding zone.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to:
determine the presence of each respective head of cattle within the defined feeding zone over time; and
calculate a daily mean duration of time for each visit to the defined feeding zone by each respective head of cattle based on the information stored in the database system.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein the transactional and analytical server further is to:
plot the daily mean duration of time calculated for each visit to the defined feeding zone by each respective head of cattle into a control chart having an upper control limit and a lower control limit; and
automatically trigger an alarm condition indicating anomalous behavior when the plot breaches one of the upper control limit or the lower control limit of the control chart.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1:
wherein the system implements a beef cattle monitoring platform;
wherein the beef cattle monitoring platform executes via the processor and the memory of the system providing on-demand cloud based services to a plurality of subscribers; and
wherein each of the subscribers communicate with the beef cattle monitoring platform system via a computing device which is remote from the beef cattle monitoring platform and communicably interfaced with the beef cattle monitoring platform via a public Internet.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1:
wherein the system is to synchronize the information stored in the database system to a cloud computing and data repository platform remote from a feedlot within which the antenna array is configured; and
wherein the synchronization is performed over a secure communication path traversing a public Internet.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1:
wherein the system is to apply statistical monitoring to identify morbidity within the heads of livestock monitored by the system;
wherein the statistical monitoring is to identify an animal exhibiting anomalous behavior selected from the group comprising:
an aggressive animal within the heads of livestock monitored by the system;
a shy animal within the heads of livestock monitored by the system; and
a diseased animal within the heads of livestock monitored by the system; and
wherein the system is to trigger an alert for corrective behavior by a feedlot operator upon detection of the anomalous behavior.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the analysis comprises analyzing the information stored in the database system using a control chart for Individual Measurements, Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) to identify one or more of the heads of livestock cattle exhibiting anomalous behavior versus the herd or group consisting of the heads of livestock as monitored by the system.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the heads of livestock comprise one of:
beef cattle livestock;
dairy cow livestock; and
sheep livestock.

### Claim 14

A method for monitoring livestock performed by a system having at least a processor to execute instructions stored within a memory of the system, wherein the method comprises:
operating a database system storing data for heads of livestock, wherein each head of livestock is individually identifiable via a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag affixed to each of the heads of livestock, the RFID tag uniquely identifying each of the heads of livestock to the system;
reading information transmitted from the RFID tags via an antenna array formed from a plurality of antennas configurable to read the information upon any one or more of the heads of livestock entering a defined feeding zone;
receiving the information transmitted from the RFID tags and storing the information in the database system defining at least (i) a time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) a time of exit from the defined feeding zone;
analyzing the information stored in the database system to determine when each head of livestock is present within the defined feeding zone;
monitoring the heads of livestock for anomalous feeding behavior based on the analysis; and
triggering an automatic alert notification when the anomalous feeding behavior is identified for any one of the heads of livestock.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the antenna array is configured as one of:
a portal configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a reading arc at an entrance, exit, or control point through which any head of livestock must pass to gain access to the livestock's feed;
an area configuration for which the plurality of antennas form irradiate a defined area or geographic segment of a feedlot facility into which any head of livestock must enter to gain access to the livestock's feed; and
a shelf configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a three-dimensional pattern from which a reading volume is created at a feeder detecting and identifying each head of livestock individually at the time the RFID tag enters the feeder.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising:
tracking a trajectory of each respective head of cattle through multiple defined zones of a feedlot including ingress and egress from the defined feeding zone; and
storing directional pathing information in the database system defining either a traversed route or one or more zones through which each respective head of cattle has traversed in addition to (i) the time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) the time of exit from the defined feeding zone.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining the presence of each respective head of cattle within the defined feeding zone over time;
calculating a daily mean duration of time for each visit to the defined feeding zone by each respective head of cattle based on the information stored in the database system;
plotting the daily mean duration of time calculated for each visit to the defined feeding zone by each respective head of cattle into a control chart having an upper control limit and a lower control limit; and
automatically triggering an alarm condition indicating anomalous behavior when the plot breaches one of the upper control limit or the lower control limit of the control chart.

### Claim 18

Non-transitory computer readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon that, when executed by a system having at least a processor and a memory therein, the instructions cause the system to perform operations comprising:
operating a database system storing data for heads of livestock, wherein each head of livestock is individually identifiable via a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag affixed to each of the heads of livestock, the RFID tag uniquely identifying each of the heads of livestock to the system;
reading information transmitted from the RFID tags via an antenna array formed from a plurality of antennas configurable to read the information upon any one or more of the heads of livestock entering a defined feeding zone;
receiving the information transmitted from the RFID tags and storing the information in the database system defining at least (i) a time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) a time of exit from the defined feeding zone;
analyzing the information stored in the database system to determine when each head of livestock is present within the defined feeding zone;
monitoring the heads of livestock for anomalous feeding behavior based on the analysis; and
triggering an automatic alert notification when the anomalous feeding behavior is identified for any one of the heads of livestock.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, wherein the antenna array is configured as one of:
a portal configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a reading arc at an entrance, exit, or control point through which any head of livestock must pass to gain access to the livestock's feed;
an area configuration for which the plurality of antennas form irradiate a defined area or geographic segment of a feedlot facility into which any head of livestock must enter to gain access to the livestock's feed; and
a shelf configuration for which the plurality of antennas form a three-dimensional pattern from which a reading volume is created at a feeder detecting and identifying each head of livestock individually at the time the RFID tag enters the feeder.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor cause the system to perform further operations including:
tracking a trajectory of each respective head of cattle through multiple defined zones of a feedlot including ingress and egress from the defined feeding zone; and
storing directional pathing information in the database system defining either a traversed route or one or more zones through which each respective head of cattle has traversed in addition to (i) the time of entry into the defined feeding zone and (ii) the time of exit from the defined feeding zone.