Reactor for layer deposition by controllable anode array

An apparatus comprising:

• (a) a reactor configured to contain an electrolyte solution;
• (h) an anode array containing a plurality of independently electrically controllable anodes stationary with respect to one another, the plurality of anodes arranged in a two-dimensional array and having an anode array surface, the anode array configured such that each of the plurality of anodes is in fluid contact with the other anodes in the plurality through the electrolyte solution;
• (c) a cathode disposed in the reactor, the cathode being configured to be in fluid contact with the plurality of anodes through the electrolyte solution;
• (d) a fluid flow guide within the reactor, the fluid flow guide including an inlet on a first end of the anode array and an outlet on a second end of the anode array, the fluid flow guide configured to direct a unidirectional bulk flow of the electrolyte solution across the anode array surface from the first end of the fluid flow guide toward the second end;
• (e) an anode addressing circuit configured to receive a signal containing anode address data and configured to output a signal causing an anode array pattern;
• (f) a first controller, the first controller being a current controller configured to control a flow of current to the anode array;
• and,
• (g) a second controller in communication with the addressing circuit, the current controller and the anode array, the second controller operable to communicate with the current controller to command the flow of current to each anode in the anode array causing an electrochemical reaction at the cathode to deposit a layer corresponding to the anode array pattern signal received from the addressing circuit.