A composition for treating a metal surface, the composition comprising a reaction product of at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and at least one organophosphate and/or at least one oligomer or polymer of the reaction product, wherein the molar ratio of the amino group/s of the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and of the at least one organophosphate is in the range of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:1.2,
- wherein the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane is linked to the at least one organophosphate by at least one phosphoric acid/amine salt bond;
- wherein the at least one organophosphate comprises at least one organophosphate having a structure
- O═P(OR)2—OH (formula I)
- wherein each of the two R moeities may independently be H, X—(OCH2CH2)n—, or XmPh-(OCH2CH2)n—, wherein at least one of the R moeities is X—(OCH2CH2)n— or XmPh-(OCH2CH2)n—;
- wherein X is a linear alkyl chain that may be interrupted by one or two C═C bonds and that has 6 to 22 carbon atoms;
- and,
- wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 3 and n is an integer in the range of from 0 to 12.