High-gap yellow and orange electrochromic polymers

A conjugated polymer, comprising a (D2Arz)n fully conjugated polymeric sequence of two donor (D) repeating units with at least one aromatic (Ar) repeating unit provided therebetween,

• each donor (D) repeating unit comprising an alkylenedioxyheterocycle;
• each aromatic (Ar) repeating unit comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, selenophene, or any combination thereof having at least one substituent of at least 5 atoms on a carbon α to the carbon attached to an adjacent D repeating unit of the conjugated polymer, wherein z is 1 to 3, n is 6 to 10,000,
• wherein the conjugated polymer is yellow or orange in its neutral state and has an absorption maximum between 300 and 500 nm that upon oxidation is color neutral between 400-750 nm,
• wherein the alkylenedioxyheterocycle is of the structure:
• where:
• X is S, Se, O, NR;
• x is 0 or 1;
• y is 0 or 1;
• R1, R3, R5, and R7 are independently C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, hydroxyl, C2-C30 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryloxy, C7-C30 arylalkyloxy, C2-C30 alkenyloxy, C2-C30 alkynyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkenyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkynyloxy, CO2H, C2-C30 alkylester, C7-C15 arylester, C8-C30 alkylarylester, C3-C30 alkenylester, C3-C30 alkynylester, NH2, C3-C30 alkylamino, C6-C14 arylamino, C7-C30 (arylalkyl)amino, C3-C30 alkenylamino, C3-C30 alkynylamino, C8-C30 (arylalkenyl)amino, C8-C30 (arylalkynyl)amino, C3-C30 dialkylamino, C12-C28 diarylamino, C4-C30 dialkenylamino, C4-C30 dialkynylamino, C7-C30 aryl(alkyl)amino, C7-C30 di(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amino, C15-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkenyl(aryl)amino, C8-C30 alkynyl(aryl)amino, C(O)NH2 (amido), C2-C30 alkylamido, C7-C14 arylamido, C8-C30 (arylalkyl)amido, C2-C30 dialkylamido, C12-C28 diarylamido, C8-C30 aryl(alkyl)amido, C15-C30 di(arylalkyl)amido, C9-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amido, C16-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amido, thiol, C2-C30 hydroxyalkyl, C6-C14 hydroxyaryl, C7-C30 hydroxyarylalkyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkenyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkynyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkenyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkynyl, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester, C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30 alkylsulfonate salt, C2-C30 carboxylate salt, thiocarboxylate salt, dithiocarboxylate salt or C4-C14 tetraalkylammonium salt;
• and
• R2, R4, R6, and R8 are independently H, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, hydroxyl, C2-C30 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryloxy, C7-C30 arylalkyloxy, C2-C30 alkenyloxy, C2-C30 alkynyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkenyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkynyloxy, CO2H, C2-C30 alkylester, C7-C15 arylester, C8-C30 alkylarylester, C3-C30 alkenylester, C3-C30 alkynylester, NH2, C3-C30 alkylamino, C6-C14 arylamino, C7-C30 (arylalkyl)amino, C3-C30 alkenylamino, C3-C30 alkynylamino, C8-C30 (arylalkenyl)amino, C8-C30 (arylalkynyl)amino, C3-C30 dialkylamino, C12-C28 diarylamino, C4-C30 dialkenylamino, C4-C30 dialkynylamino, C7-C30 aryl(alkyl)amino, C7-C30 di(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amino, C15-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkenyl(aryl)amino, C8-C30 alkynyl(aryl)amino, C(O)NH2 (amido), C2-C30 alkylamido, C7-C14 arylamido, C8-C30 (arylalkyl)amido, C2-C30 dialkylamido, C12-C28 diarylamido, C8-C30 aryl(alkyl)amido, C15-C30 di(arylalkyl)amido, C9-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amido, C16-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amido, thiol, C2-C30 hydroxyalkyl, C6-C14 hydroxyaryl, C7-C30 hydroxyarylalkyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkenyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkynyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkenyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkynyl, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester, C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30 alkylsulfonate salt, C2-C30 carboxylate salt, thiocarboxylate salt, dithiocarboxylate salt or C4-C14 tetraalkylammonium salt, and
• where R is C3-C30 alkyl, C3-C30 alkenyl, C3-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, C3-C30 alkylester, C7-C15 arylester, C8-C30 alkylarylester, C4-C30 alkenylester, C4-C30 alkynylester, NH2, C2-C30 alkylamino, C6-C14 arylamino, C7-C30 (arylalkyl)amino, C3-C30 alkenylamino, C3-C30 alkynylamino, C8-C30 (arylalkenyl)amino, C8-C30 (arylalkynyl)amino, C3-C30 dialkylamino, C12-C28 diarylamino, C4-C30 dialkenylamino, C4-C30 dialkynylamino, C7-C30 aryl(alkyl)amino, C7-C30 di(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amino, C15-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkenyl(aryl)amino, C8-C30 alkynyl(aryl)amino, C(O)NH2 (amido), C3-C30 alkylamido, C7-C14 arylamido, C8-C30 (arylalkyl)amido, C3-C30 dialkylamido, C12-C28 diarylamido, C8-C30 aryl(alkyl)amido, C15-C30 di(arylalkyl)amido, C9-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amido, C16-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amido, thiol, C2-C30 alkylhydroxy, C6-C14 arylhydroxy, C7-C30 arylalkylhydroxy, C3-C30 alkenylhydroxy, C3-C30 alkynylhydroxy, C8-C30 arylalkenylhydroxy, C8-C30 arylalkynylhydroxy, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30 alkylsulfonate salt, or C4-C14 tetraalkyammonium salt.