Multi-factor authentication

A method, comprising:

• obtaining one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information represent at least one piece of unique information associated with at least one of a user and an electronic device of the user, wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information comprise one or more behavior recognition parameters as a type i) of parameters, wherein the one or more behavior recognition parameters are gathered by one or more sensors of the electronic device of the user;
• obtaining one or more pieces of second authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of second authentication information comprise at least one of:
• a) one or more trust refreshing parameters, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are indicative of a trust level value, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are determined based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust refreshing parameter is associated with a checking of a behavior of a user;
• or
• b) one or more trust reference parameters, wherein the one or more trust reference parameters are indicative of a trust level value associated with an external trust authority;
• and
• determining a trust level based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the trust level value is indicative of a level of trust in the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust level is determined further based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of second authentication information.

A tangible computer-readable medium storing computer program code, the computer program code when executed by a processor causing an apparatus to at least one of perform and control:

• obtaining one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information represent at least one piece of unique information associated with at least one of a user and an electronic device of the user, wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information comprise one or more behavior recognition parameters, wherein the one or more behavior recognition parameters are gathered by one or more sensors of the electronic device of the user;
• obtaining one or more pieces of second authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of second authentication information comprise at least one of:
• a) one or more trust refreshing parameters, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are indicative of a trust level value, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are determined based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust refreshing parameter is associated with a checking of a behavior of a user;
• or
• b) one or more trust reference parameters, wherein the one or more trust reference parameters are indicative of a trust level value associated with an external trust authority;
• and
• determining a trust level based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the trust level value is indicative of a level of trust in the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust level is determined further based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of second authentication information.

A system comprising two or more apparatuses, each apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform:

• obtaining one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information represent at least one piece of unique information associated with at least one of a user and an electronic device of the user wherein the one or more pieces of first authentication information comprise one or more behavior recognition parameters, wherein the one or more behavior recognition parameters are gathered by one or more sensors of the electronic device of the user;
• obtaining one or more pieces of second authentication information, wherein the one or more pieces of second authentication information comprise at least one of:
• a) one or more trust refreshing parameters, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are indicative of a trust level value, wherein the one or more trust refreshing parameters are determined based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust refreshing parameter is associated with a checking of a behavior of a user;
• or
• b) one or more trust reference parameters, wherein the one or more trust reference parameters are indicative of a trust level value associated with an external trust authority;
• and
• determining a trust level based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of first authentication information, wherein the trust level value is indicative of a level of trust in the one or more pieces of first authentication information,
• wherein the trust level is determined further based, at least in part, on the one or more pieces of second authentication information.