Lanthionine C-like protein 2 ligands, cells prepared therewith, and therapies using same

A compound of formula Z—Y-Q-Y′ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein:

• Z—Y-Q-Y′ is:
• Q is piperazine-1,4-diyl or substituted piperazine-1,4-diyl;
• A1, A2, A3, A11, A12, and A13 are each independently C(R3);
• A4, A6, A10, and A17 are each independently C(R3) or N;
• A5 and A14 are each independently N(R3), C(R3)2, O, or S;
• — between A15 and A16 is a bond or absent;
• A15 and A16 are each independently N or C(R3) when — is a bond, and are each independently N(R3), C(R3)2, O, or S when — is absent;
• R1 is optionally substituted alkylene optionally containing one or two heteroatom(s);
• and
• R3 in each instance is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, carboxy, optionally substituted alkyloxy, optionally substituted alkenyloxy, optionally substituted alkynyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkenyloxy, mercapto, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkenylthio, optionally substituted alkynylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkylthio, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkenylthio, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfinyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acyl, optionally substituted alkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkenyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted sulfamoyl, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heteroarylthio, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfinyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyloxy, or an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group;
• each optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkyloxy, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyloxy, and optionally substituted alkyloxycarbonyl, when substituted, is independently substituted with one to three substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, alkylene optionally containing one or two heteroatom(s), hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group A at one to three position(s), mercapto, alkylthio, a halogen atom, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted carbamoyl, acyl, aryl optionally substituted with a substituent group B at one to three position(s), heteroaryl optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring group optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), aryloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group B at one to three position(s), and alkylsulfonyl;
• each optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkenyloxy, optionally substituted alkynyloxy, optionally substituted alkenylthio, optionally substituted alkynylthio, optionally substituted alkenyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkenyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkylthio, optionally substituted cycloalkenylthio, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfinyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkenylsulfonyloxy, and optionally substituted alkylene optionally containing one or two heteroatom(s), when substituted, is independently substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent group D at one to three position(s), cycloalkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group A at one to three position(s), mercapto, alkylthio, a halogen atom, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted carbamoyl, acyl, acyloxy, aryl optionally substituted with a substituent group B at one to three position(s), heteroaryl optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), aryloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), and alkylsulfonyl;
• the substituted piperazine-1,4-diyl and each optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heteroarylthio, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfinyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyloxy, and optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group, when substituted, are each independently substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent group D at one to three position(s), oxo, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, alkyloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group A at one to three position(s), aryloxy optionally substituted with a substituent group B at one to three position(s), mercapto, alkylthio, a halogen atom, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, acyl, alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted carbamoyl, aryl optionally substituted with a substituent group B at one to three position(s), heteroaryl optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s), and non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with a substituent group C at one to three position(s);
• each optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted carbamoyl, and optionally substituted sulfamoyl, when substituted, is independently substituted with one or two substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkyl sulfonyl, alkenylsulfonyl, alkynylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heteroarylsulfonyl;
• each substituent group A is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituent(s) selected from substituent group B;
• each substituent group B is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, alkyl, alkyloxy, cyano, and nitro;
• each substituent group C is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and alkyl;
• and
• each substituent group D is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and alkyloxy.