Ultrasonic transducer techniques for ultrasonic surgical instrument

A method of fabricating an ultrasonic medical device comprising:

• machining a surgical tool from a portion of a flat metal stock, wherein the surgical tool comprises a proximal end having a first flat face and a second flat face outwardly facing 180 degrees opposite the first flat face, an end effector, and a longitudinal portion in between the proximal end and the end effector;
• contacting a face of a first transducer with the first flat face of the surgical tool, wherein the first transducer is configured to operate in a D31 mode with respect to the longitudinal portion of the surgical tool, and wherein the first transducer is mounted to the surgical tool with a first transducer mounting portion fabricated in the form of a triangular prism;
• and
• contacting a face of a second transducer with the second flat face of the surgical tool and opposite the first transducer, such that the first transducer outwardly faces a first direction and the second transducer outwardly faces a second direction 180 degrees opposite the first direction, wherein the second transducer is configured to operate in a D31 mode with respect to the longitudinal portion of the surgical tool, and wherein the second transducer is mounted to the surgical tool with a second transducer mounting portion fabricated in the form of a triangular prism;
• wherein, upon activation, the first transducer and the second transducer are configured to induce a standing wave in the surgical tool;
• wherein the induced standing wave comprises a node at a node location in the surgical tool and an antinode at an antinode location in the surgical tool,
• wherein machining the surgical tool from the portion of the flat metal stock comprises laser machining, laser machining with a tilt degree of freedom, electrical discharge machining, milling, stamping, or fine blanking,
• wherein the longitudinal portion defines a third direction that extends from the proximal end to the end effector, and
• wherein the third direction is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction.