Machine learning for misfire detection in a dynamic firing level modulation controlled engine of a vehicle

A system, comprising:

• an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders;
• a skip fire engine controller arranged to operate the cylinders of the internal combustion engine in a skip fire manner, the skip fire operation involving firing the cylinders during some working cycles and skipping the cylinders during other working cycles;
• a storage unit arranged to store:
• a first model of exhaust pressures indicative of successful firings of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
• and
• a second model of exhaust pressures indicative of successful skips of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
• and
• a neural network arranged to generate fault signals for working cycles of the cylinders that were either unsuccessfully fired or unsuccessfully skipped by comparing a measured exhaust pressure with (a) the first model for fire commands and (b) the second model for skip commands.