Conversion of gas and treatment of a solution

A method for producing an acid and a salt, the method comprising:

• (a) providing a multi-chamber dialysis cell with ion exchange barriers comprising a first anion exchange barrier and a first cation exchange barrier, the ion exchange barriers separating chambers of the dialysis cell, the dialysis cell comprising:
• (i) a gas chamber;
• (ii) a product chamber;
• (iii) an acid chamber;
• (iv) the first anion exchange barrier positioned between the product chamber and the acid chamber;
• (v) the first cation exchange barrier positioned between the product chamber and the gas chamber;
• (vi) a cathode in the gas chamber;
• and
• (vii) an anode;
• wherein the first anion exchange barrier and the first cation exchange barrier are between the cathode and the anode;
• (b) flowing a fluid consisting of a gas in the gas phase or a mixture of the gas in the gas phase with one or more other gases in the gas phase through the gas chamber, and flowing a first solution through the product chamber;
• and
• (c) applying an electric potential between the anode and the cathode
• wherein:
• the gas is carried by the fluid to the cathode and, at the cathode, the gas in the gas phase undergoes a half-cell reaction at the cathode to yield first anions, wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, or a combination thereof;
• second anions in the first solution migrate across the first anion exchange barrier to associate with cations in the acid chamber to form an acid solution comprising the acid in the acid chamber;
• and
• cations in the first solution migrate across the first cation exchange barrier to associate with the first anions to form the salt, thereby reducing the ion concentration of the first solution and converting at least a portion of the gas into the salt.