# US 11,316,654 B2 · Communication device and method for operating a communication system for transmitting time critical data > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,316,654 B2 - Document ID: US11316654B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/418,396 - Filed: 2019-12-13 - Published: 2022-02-10 - Granted: 2022-04-26 - Earliest claimed: 2018-12-28 - Assignees: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft - Applicants: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft - Inventors: Thomas Weichlein - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11316654B2 ## CPC - H04L 7/0008: {Synchronisation information channels, e.g. clock distribution lines} - H04L 12/4035: {in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit (TDM/TDMA multiplex systems per se H04J3/1694; hybrid switching systems H04L12/64)} - G05B 19/4185: {characterised by the network communication} - H04L 47/24: Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS - H04L 47/28: in relation to timing considerations - H04L 47/827: {Aggregation of resource allocation or reservation requests} - G05B 2219/31115: Network controller - H04L 12/40: Bus networks - H04L 2012/4026: {Bus for use in automation systems} - Y02D 30/00: Reducing energy consumption in communication networks - Y02P 90/02: Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract A communication device and method for operating a communication system for transmitting time-critical data, wherein a respective individual time window within predefined time intervals is specified for data flows assigned to selected control applications running on terminals, where time windows each have an individual cycle time that is a multiple of a general cycle time or corresponds to the general cycle time, first and second communication devices each check, for the selected control applications, whether a specified time window is available for data transmission, where information about a beginning of the time window within the predefined time intervals is in each case transmitted to the terminal upon which the respective selected control application is executing in the event of an available time window, and where data flows that are assigned to selected control applications are each transmitted according to the information about the beginning of the individual time window. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for operating a communication system for transmitting time-critical data, the method comprising: transmitting selected datagrams from first communication devices at source network nodes to second communication devices at destination network nodes within predefined periodic time intervals; assigning the selected datagrams to data streams and transmitting the assigned selected datagrams via paths which comprise third communication devices at intermediate network nodes; synchronizing the predefined periodic time intervals at all network nodes; specify, by terminals connected to the first communication devices, in each particular case, quality of service parameters for the data streams to reserve resources to be provided by the first and third communication devices and second communication devices; specifying, by terminals connected to the second communication devices, in each particular case, a data stream identifier for a reservation request; assuming, by each communication device along a path for a data stream of the data streams the quality of service parameters as a basis for checking, in each particular case, in an event of a reservation request, whether sufficient resources are available in the respective communication device for data transmission while observing the specified quality of service parameters; ascertaining, by configuration control units of the communication devices along a path, in each particular case, configuration information for a data stream and setting up the respective communication device for resource provision for the data streams in accordance with the ascertained configuration information if sufficient resources exist; specifying an individual time window within the predefined time intervals, in each particular case, for data streams assigned to selected control applications executing on the terminals, the time windows having, in each particular case, an individual cycle duration which is a multiple of a general cycle duration or corresponds to the general cycle duration; checking, by at least one of the first and second communication devices, in each particular case, for the selected control applications whether a specified time window is available for data transmission; transmitting information about a beginning of the time window, in each particular case, within the predefined time intervals to the terminal upon which the respective selected control application executes if a time window is available; and transmitting data streams assigned to selected control applications, in each particular case, in accordance with the information about the beginning of the individual time window. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resources to be provided by the communication devices comprise at least one of (i) usable transfer time windows, (ii) bandwidth, (iii) assured maximum latency, (iv) number of queues, (v) queue cache and (vi) address cache in switches or bridges. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the communication devices are connected to one another via a time-sensitive network. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the time-sensitive network operates in accordance with at least one of (i) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1Q, (ii) IEEE standard 802.1AB, (iii) IEEE standard 802.1AS, (iv) IEEE standard 802.1BA and (v) IEEE standard 802.1CB. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication devices are connected to one another via a time-sensitive network. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the time-sensitive network operates in accordance with at least one of (i) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1Q, (ii) IEEE standard 802.1AB, (iii) IEEE standard 802.1AS, (iv) IEEE standard 802.1BA and (v) IEEE standard 802.1CB. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein forwarding of the selected datagrams is controlled via at least one of (i) frame pre-emption, (ii) time-aware shapers, (iii) credit-based shapers, (iv) burst limiting shapers, (v) peristaltic shapers and (vi) priority-based shapers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said frame pre-emption is performed in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1Qbu, said time-aware shapers is performed in accordance with IEEE standard 802.1Qbv and said credit-based shapers is performed in accordance with IEEE standard 802.1Qav. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data streams are set up, in each particular case, bidirectionally upon reservation requests. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a multicast address assigned to the specified data stream identifier is transmitted, in each particular case, to a requesting terminal connected to a destination network node if sufficient resources exist. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the reservation requests are handled in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1Qcc. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the terminals connected to source network nodes each include an assigned talker function and wherein the terminals connected to destination network nodes each include an assigned listener function. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the terminals connected to source network nodes each include an assigned talker function and wherein the terminals connected to destination network nodes each include an assigned listener function. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paths for the data streams are ascertained via shortest path bridging in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1aq. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second communication devices, to each of which is connected a terminal on which a selected control application executes, check, in each particular case, whether a specified time window is available for data transmission. ### Claim 16 A communication device, comprising: a plurality of connections for connection to further communication devices; a coupling element via which the connections are switchably connectable to one another; wherein the communication device is configured to: transmit selected datagrams from first communication devices at source network nodes to second communication devices at destination network nodes within predefined periodic time intervals, the selected datagrams being assigned to data streams and being transmitted via paths that comprise third communication devices at intermediate network nodes, synchronize the predefined time intervals with other network nodes, assume quality of service parameters specified for a data stream as a basis for checking, in an event of a reservation request, whether there are sufficient resources available in the communication device for data transmission while observing the specified quality of service parameters, utilize a configuration control unit to ascertain configuration information and to set itself up for resource provision for the data streams in accordance with the ascertained configuration information, check, in each particular case, for selected control applications whether a specified time window is available for data transmission, wherein an individual time window within the predefined time intervals is specifiable, in each particular case, for data streams assigned to selected control applications running on terminals, the time windows having, in each particular case, an individual cycle duration which is a multiple of a general cycle duration or corresponds to the general cycle duration, transmit, in each particular case, information about a beginning of the time window within the predefined time intervals to the terminal upon which the respective selected control application executes if a time window is available, and transmit, in each particular case, data streams assigned to selected control applications in accordance with the information about the beginning of the individual time window.