# US 11,309,992 B2 · Using lattice reduction for reduced decoder complexity > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,309,992 B2 - Document ID: US11309992B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/512,039 - Filed: 2019-07-15 - Published: 2020-01-23 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-07-17 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Shay Landis; Igor Gutman; Assaf Touboul - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309992B2 ## CPC - H04L 1/0052: {Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables} - H04L 25/03242: {Methods involving sphere decoding} - H04B 7/086: {using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming} - H04L 1/0003: {by switching between different modulation schemes} - H04L 1/0009: {by adapting the channel coding (H04L1/1812 takes precedence)} - H04L 1/0025: {Transmission of mode-switching indication} - H04L 1/0054: {Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms} - H04L 1/0061: {Error detection codes} - H04L 25/0256: {Channel estimation using minimum mean square error criteria} - H04L 25/0328: {with interference cancellation circuitry (adaptations for interference cancellation within a sequence estimator H04L25/03305; interference related aspects of direct sequence spread spectrum H04B1/7097; interference related aspects of frequency hopping spread spectrum H04B1/715; see also H04B1/10)} - H04L 25/067: {providing soft decisions, i.e. decisions together with an estimate of reliability (H04L25/068 and H04L25/069 take precedence; sequence estimation techniques H04L25/03178)} - H04L 27/366: {Arrangements for compensating undesirable properties of the transmission path between the modulator and the demodulator} - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04L 1/1854: {Scheduling and prioritising arrangements} - H04L 25/0204: {of multiple channels} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Some wireless communications systems may utilize beamforming techniques to process wireless communications transmitted in millimeter wave (mmW) frequency ranges. In such cases, a user equipment (UE) may perform lattice reduction (LR)-based preprocessing for a received resource element (RE), which allows the UE to utilize demapping techniques (e.g., minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based demapping techniques or successive interference cancellation (SIC) demapping techniques) that are less computationally-complex than conventional demapping techniques (e.g., maximum likelihood (ML)-based demapping techniques) while providing a similar performance as conventional techniques. Further, due to mmW systems' robustness to time-dispersion, the UE may apply the same LR to multiple REs across multiple symbols in the time domain and across multiple sub-carriers in the frequency domain. The computational cost of performing the LR calculation may be spread across multiple REs and further increase the efficiency of utilizing low-complexity demapping techniques. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, comprising: receiving a configuration message indicating a number of spatial layers and a modulation and coding scheme for a beamformed transmission; receiving the beamformed transmission in accordance with the configuration message; determining a channel estimate for a resource element in which a first symbol of the beamformed transmission is received; applying lattice reduction to the channel estimate to determine a transformation matrix that reduces correlation between columns of a transformed channel estimate based at least in part on a column correlation criterion; applying the transformation matrix to an initial lattice domain to determine a transformed lattice domain; and decoding the first symbol and a second symbol of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformed lattice domain. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the initial lattice domain comprises a plurality of constellation symbols and the transformed lattice domain comprises a plurality of transformed constellation symbols. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising: determining, in the transformed lattice domain, a first plurality of distance measurements between a plurality of symbol pairs, each symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs including the first symbol and a respective transformed constellation symbol of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols; and identifying a subset of the plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the first plurality of distance measurements. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the subset of the plurality of symbol pairs further comprises: selecting a list size number of the plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the first plurality of distance measurements, each selected symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs having a shorter distance measurement than any unselected symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising: identifying a subset of the plurality of constellation symbols of the initial lattice domain that correspond to a subset of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols included within the subset of the plurality of symbol pairs; determining, in the initial lattice domain, a second plurality of distance measurements between the first symbol and a respective constellation symbol within the subset of the plurality of constellation symbols; and determining a logarithmic likelihood ratio for the first symbol based at least in part on the second plurality of distance measurements, wherein the first symbol is decoded based at least in part of the logarithmic likelihood ratio. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein each distance measurement of the first plurality of distance measurements and each distance measurement of the second plurality of distance measurements is a minimum mean square error distance estimate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining, in the transformed lattice domain, a third plurality of distance measurements between a second plurality of symbol pairs, each symbol pair of the second plurality of symbol pairs including the second symbol and a respective second transformed constellation symbol of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols; identifying a subset of the second plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the third plurality of distance measurements; identifying a second subset of the plurality of constellation symbols of the initial lattice domain that correspond to a second subset of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols included within the subset of the second plurality of symbol pairs; determining, in the initial lattice domain, a fourth plurality of distance measurements between the second symbol and a respective second constellation symbol within the second subset of the plurality of constellation symbols; and determining a second logarithmic likelihood ratio for the second symbol based at least in part on the fourth plurality of distance measurements, wherein the second symbol is decoded based at least in part on the second logarithmic likelihood ratio. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the decoding further comprises: decoding a plurality of symbols of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformation matrix, the plurality of symbols including the first symbol and the second symbol. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein a first subset of the plurality of symbols corresponds to a first spatial layer and a second subset of the plurality of symbols corresponds to a second spatial layer, the second spatial layer differing from the first spatial layer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a channel property associated with the beamformed transmission; and identifying, based at least in part on the channel property, a number of resource elements associated with the beamformed transmission on which to apply the transformation matrix. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the number of resource elements corresponds to a number of different sub-carriers in a same symbol period. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the number of resource elements corresponds to a number of sub-carriers located in a plurality of different symbol periods. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the channel property is a delay property, a Doppler spread property, or both. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the transformation matrix includes real and integer numbers. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein applying the lattice reduction further comprises: applying the transformation matrix to the channel estimate to determine the transformed channel estimate; and performing matrix decomposition of the transformed channel estimate into a product of an orthogonal matrix and an upper triangular matrix. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein: the initial lattice domain comprises a plurality of constellation symbols and the transformed lattice domain comprises a plurality of transformed constellation symbols; the method further comprising: determining, based at least in part on the orthogonal matrix and the upper triangular matrix, a first plurality of distance measurements between a plurality of symbol pairs in the transformed lattice domain, each symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs including the first symbol and a respective transformed constellation symbol of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols; identifying a subset of the plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the first plurality of distance measurements; identifying a subset of the plurality of constellation symbols of the initial lattice domain that correspond to a subset of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols included within the subset of the plurality of symbol pairs; determining, in the initial lattice domain, a second plurality of distance measurements between the first symbol and a respective constellation symbol within the subset of the plurality of constellation symbols; and determining a logarithmic likelihood ratio for the first symbol based at least in part on the second plurality of distance measurements, wherein the first symbol is decoded based at least in part on the logarithmic likelihood ratio. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein each distance measurement of the first plurality of distance measurements and each distance measurement of the second plurality of distance measurements is a successive interference cancellation distance estimate. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a bit sequence based at least in part on decoding the first symbol and the second symbol; and determining whether the bit sequence passes error detection. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration message indicates a defined quadrature amplitude modulation and a defined coding rate for the beamformed transmission. ### Claim 20 An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, comprising: a receiver; a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive, via the receiver, a configuration message indicating a number of spatial layers and a modulation and coding scheme for a beamformed transmission; receive, via the receiver, the beamformed transmission in accordance with the configuration message; determine a channel estimate for a resource element in which a first symbol of the beamformed transmission is received; apply lattice reduction to the channel estimate to determine a transformation matrix that reduces correlation between columns of a transformed channel estimate based at least in part on a column correlation criterion; apply the transformation matrix to an initial lattice domain to determine a transformed lattice domain; and decode the first symbol and a second symbol of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformed lattice domain. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20, wherein: the initial lattice domain comprises a plurality of constellation symbols and the transformed lattice domain comprises a plurality of transformed constellation symbols. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine, in the transformed lattice domain, a first plurality of distance measurements between a plurality of symbol pairs, each symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs including the first symbol and a respective transformed constellation symbol of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols; and identify a subset of the plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the first plurality of distance measurements. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions to identify the subset of the plurality of symbol pairs further are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: select a list size number of the plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the first plurality of distance measurements, each selected symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs having a shorter distance measurement than any unselected symbol pair of the plurality of symbol pairs. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a subset of the plurality of constellation symbols of the initial lattice domain that correspond to a subset of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols included within the subset of the plurality of symbol pairs; determine, in the initial lattice domain, a second plurality of distance measurements between the first symbol and a respective constellation symbol within the subset of the plurality of constellation symbols; and determine a logarithmic likelihood ratio for the first symbol based at least in part on the second plurality of distance measurements, wherein the first symbol is decoded based at least in part of the logarithmic likelihood ratio. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The apparatus of claim 24, wherein each distance measurement of the first plurality of distance measurements and each distance measurement of the second plurality of distance measurements is a minimum mean square error distance estimate. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine, in the transformed lattice domain, a third plurality of distance measurements between a second plurality of symbol pairs, each symbol pair of the second plurality of symbol pairs including the second symbol and a respective second transformed constellation symbol of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols; identify a subset of the second plurality of symbol pairs based at least in part on the third plurality of distance measurements; identify a second subset of the plurality of constellation symbols of the initial lattice domain that correspond to a second subset of the plurality of transformed constellation symbols included within the subset of the second plurality of symbol pairs; determine, in the initial lattice domain, a fourth plurality of distance measurements between the second symbol and a respective second constellation symbol within the second subset of the plurality of constellation symbols; and determine a second logarithmic likelihood ratio for the second symbol based at least in part on the fourth plurality of distance measurements, wherein the second symbol is decoded based at least in part on the second logarithmic likelihood ratio. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine a channel property associated with the beamformed transmission; and identify, based at least in part on the channel property, a number of resource elements associated with the beamformed transmission on which to apply the transformation matrix. ### Claim 28 An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, comprising: means for receiving a configuration message indicating a number of spatial layers and a modulation and coding scheme for a beamformed transmission; means for receiving the beamformed transmission in accordance with the configuration message; means for determining a channel estimate for a resource element in which a first symbol of the beamformed transmission is received; means for applying lattice reduction to the channel estimate to determine a transformation matrix that reduces correlation between columns of a transformed channel estimate based at least in part on a column correlation criterion; means for applying the transformation matrix to an initial lattice domain to determine a transformed lattice domain; and means for decoding the first symbol and a second symbol of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformed lattice domain. ### Claim 29 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: receive a configuration message indicating a number of spatial layers and a modulation and coding scheme for a beamformed transmission; receive the beamformed transmission in accordance with the configuration message; determine a channel estimate for a resource element in which a first symbol of the beamformed transmission is received; apply lattice reduction to the channel estimate to determine a transformation matrix that reduces correlation between columns of a transformed channel estimate based at least in part on a column correlation criterion; apply the transformation matrix to an initial lattice domain to determine a transformed lattice domain; and decode the first symbol and a second symbol of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformed lattice domain. ### Claim 30 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions to decode the first symbol and the second symbol of the beamformed transmission further are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: decode a plurality of symbols of the beamformed transmission based at least in part on the transformation matrix, the plurality of symbols including the first symbol and the second symbol.