# US 11,309,955 B2 · Communications bandwidth enhancement using orthogonal spatial division multiplexing of a sparse antenna array

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- Number: US 11,309,955 B2
- Document ID: US11309955B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/785,813
- Filed: 2020-02-10
- Published: 2020-07-23
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-03-09
- Assignees: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation
- Applicants: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation
- Inventors: Leonard A. Atkinson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309955B2

## CPC

- H04B 7/18515: {Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays}
- G01S 5/0294: {Trajectory determination or predictive filtering, e.g. target tracking or Kalman filtering}
- G01S 5/06: Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements (G01S5/12 takes precedence)
- G01S 5/14: Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
- G06Q 10/0833: Tracking
- G06Q 30/0201: Market modelling; Market analysis; Collecting market data
- G06T 7/246: using feature-based methods, e.g. the tracking of corners or segments
- G06T 7/292: Multi-camera tracking
- G06T 7/77: using statistical methods
- G06V 20/52: Surveillance or monitoring of activities, e.g. for recognising suspicious objects (recognising microscopic objects G06V20/69)
- G06V 40/20: Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition (recognition of facial expressions G06V40/16)
- H04B 7/022: Site diversity; Macro-diversity (using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/04)
- H04B 7/0697: {using spatial multiplexing}
- H04W 4/021: Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
- H04W 24/00: Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- G01S 11/06: using intensity measurements
- G06V 2201/10: Recognition assisted with metadata
- H04J 2011/0009: {with FDM/FDMA}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)

## Abstract

Systems and methods are described herein for communications bandwidth enhancement using Orthogonal Spatial Division Multiplexing (OSDM). For example, large sparse antenna arrays may be able to distinguish between signals emitted by multiple nearly collocated antennas, even if the signals have the same frequency, polarization, and coverage. Thus, the use of a large sparse antenna array may be able to resolve/isolate individual antennas on a single platform, allowing for OSDM, analogous to Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM). Using OSDM, multiple antennas on the same vehicle are able to reuse the same frequencies/polarizations without interference, thereby increasing spectrum availability while still providing the same transmitter power spectral density and total RF power emission.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for receiving, using a sparse antenna array, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OSDM) reuse signals from two or more satellite antennas, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first ground station of the sparse antenna array, a first combined signal, the first combined signal comprising a first signal received from a first satellite antenna at an orbiting altitude and a second signal received from a second satellite antenna separated from the first satellite antenna at a first distance, the first and second signals having a shared frequency;
receiving, at a second ground station of the sparse antenna array, a second combined signal, the second combined signal comprising the first signal and the second signal, the second ground station separated at a second distance from the first ground station;
receiving, at a first beamformer, the first combined signal from the first ground station and the second combined signal from the second ground station; and
generating, using the first beamformer, a first output signal from the first and second combined signals based on the first distance and second distance, the first output signal comprising one of the first signal and second signal with co-channel interference of the other signal removed.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at a second beamformer, the first combined signal from the first ground station and the second combined signal from the second ground station; and
generating, using the second beamformer, a second output signal from the first and second combined signals based on the first distance and second distance, the second output signal comprising the other of the first signal and second signal with co-channel interference of the other signal removed.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the first beamformer is part of the first ground station and the second beamformer is part of the second ground station.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the first ground station comprises a first antenna configured to receive the first combined signal, a first power divider communicatively coupled with the first antenna, and the first beamformer, and wherein the second ground station comprises a second antenna configured to receive the second combined signal, a second power divider communicatively coupled with the second antenna, and the second beamformer.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second power dividers are each communicatively coupled with the first and second beamformer, and wherein the first power divider is configured to divide the first combined signal into a first beamformer component for sending to the first beamformer and a second beamformer component for sending to the second beamformer, and the second power divider is configured to divide the second combined signal into a first beamformer component for sending to the first beamformer and a second beamformer component for sending to the second beamformer.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the first output signal is generated based on the received first beamformer components of the first combined signal and second combined signal and the second output signal is generated based on the received second beamformer components of the first combined signal and second combined signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second satellite antennas are on a single satellite or aircraft.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second antennas are on the same satellite or aircraft.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first distance between the first and second satellite antennas is approximately one meter, wherein the second distance between the first and second ground stations is approximately 525 km, and wherein the first and second signals are 10 GHz downlink signals.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first distance between the first and second satellite antennas is approximately one meter, wherein the second distance between the first and second ground stations is approximately 150 meters, and wherein the first and second signals are 2 GHz downlink signals.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the orbiting altitude is 2000 km.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first combined signal and second combined signal further comprise a third signal received from a third satellite antenna separated from the first and second satellite antennas to define a satellite array size, the first, second, and third signals having a shared frequency.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving at a third ground station of the sparse antenna array, a third combined signal, the third combined signal comprising the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal, the third ground station separated from the first and second ground station to define a ground station array size;
receiving, at the first beamformer, the third combined signal from the third ground station; and
further generating the first output signal from the third combined signal based on the ground station array size, the first output signal comprising one of the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal with co-channel interference of the other signals removed.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first output signal is generated further based on one or more of the number of satellite antennas, signal frequency, signal phase shift, and/or time delay.

### Claim 15

An antenna system for receiving orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OSDM) reuse signals from two or more satellite antennas, the system comprising:
a first ground station of a sparse antenna array configured to receive a first combined signal, the first combined signal comprising a first signal received from a first satellite antenna at an orbiting altitude and a second signal received from a second satellite antenna separated from the first satellite antenna at a first distance, the first and second signals having a shared frequency;
a second ground station of the sparse antenna array configured to receive a second combined signal, the second combined signal comprising the first signal and the second signal, the second ground station separated at a second distance from the first ground station;
a first beamformer configured to receive the first combined signal from the first ground station and the second combined signal from the second ground station and generate a first output signal from the first and second combined signals based on the first distance and second distance, the first output signal comprising one of the first signal and second signal with co-channel interference of the other signal removed.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second beamformer configured to receive the first combined signal from the first ground station and the second combined signal from the second ground station and generate a second output signal from the first and second combined signals based on the first distance and second distance, the second output signal comprising the other of the first signal and second signal with co-channel interference of the other signal removed.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The system of claim 16, wherein the first beamformer is part of the first ground station and the second beamformer is part of the second ground station.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The system of claim 16, wherein the first ground station comprises a first antenna configured to receive the first combined signal, a first power divider communicatively coupled with the first antenna, and the first beamformer, and wherein the second ground station comprises a second antenna configured to receive the second combined signal, a second power divider communicatively coupled with the second antenna, and the second beamformer.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein the first combined signal and second combined signal further comprise a third signal received from a third satellite antenna separated from the first and second satellite antennas to define a satellite array size, the first, second, and third signals having a shared frequency.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The system of claim 19, further comprising:
a third ground station of the sparse antenna array configured to receive a third combined signal, the third combined signal comprising the first signal, the second signal, and a third signal, the third ground station separated from the first and second ground station to define a ground station array size;
wherein the first beamformer is further configured to receive the third combined signal from the third ground station and generate the first output signal from the third combined signal based on the ground station array size, the first output signal comprising one of the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal with co-channel interference of the other signals removed.