# US 11,309,779 B2 · Brush-less DC dynamo and a vehicle comprising the same

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- Number: US 11,309,779 B2
- Document ID: US11309779B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/996,898
- Filed: 2020-08-19
- Published: 2021-03-04
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2019-08-28
- Applicants: Chun-Jong Chang
- Inventors: Chun-Jong Chang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309779B2

## CPC

- H02K 21/14: with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K 29/08: using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors (H02K29/12 takes precedence)
- B60L 50/11: using DC generators and DC motors
- H02K 1/16: Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K 1/26: Rotor cores with slots for windings
- H02K 3/28: Layout of windings or of connections between windings (windings for pole-changing H02K17/06, H02K17/14, H02K19/12, H02K19/32)
- H02P 25/18: with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- B60L 2220/50: Structural details of electrical machines
- H02K 2213/03: Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
- Y02T 10/64: Electric machine technologies in electromobility
- Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
- Y02T 10/72: Electric energy management in electromobility
- H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53})
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

This invention provides a brushless dc dynamo, which is characterized by using semiconductor switches to replace commutators used in conventional brush DC dynamo, wherein the periodically mechanical contact of the armature and different electrodes are replaced with static electronic switching array to periodically switch electrically without any mechanical contact switching between the armature and electrodes. Meanwhile, the armature can work as conventional mode to always maintain the distribution of the armature current such that the magnetic field of the rotator is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the stator during rotating, and the damage of switched contacts caused by mechanical contact of the armature and electrodes can be avoided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
a circular armature unit, comprising:
L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and
L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the Lth slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, N is a natural number, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M slots of the circular armature unit, M is a natural number, M=2S and L=M*N;
a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other;
a control unit comprising M first control switches and M second control switches; and
a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit;
wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, S are all natural numbers, and 1≤P≤M, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L;
wherein, 1th first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, and ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, i is a natural number and 2≤i≤M;
wherein, when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under a basic mode, there is only one of the first control switch that is short and only one of the second control switch that is short at the same operating time, wherein when 1th first control switch is short, (1+S)th second control switch is short; when 2≤i≤S, ith first control switch is short, (i+S)th second control switch is short; when i=S+1, ith first control switch is short, 1st second control switch is short; when S+1≤i≤M, ith first control switch is short, (i−S)th second control switch is short;
wherein when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under transition mode during transiting from a basic mode to next basic mode, adjacent two of the first control switches or adjacent two of the second control switches of the brushless DC dynamo can be short at the same operating time, and the first control switches not adjacent to each other or the second control switches not adjacent to each other of the brushless DC dynamo cannot be short at the same operating time.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 2, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.

### Claim 5

A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
a circular armature unit, comprising:
L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and
L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N;
a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other;
a control unit comprising M′ first control switches and M′ second control switches; and
a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit;
wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1)+S)]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, wherein tth class of the armature coils is formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t is a natural number and t≤S;
wherein, a (2t−1)th node and a (2t)th node are on two terminals of the tth class of the armature coils formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, and a tth first control switch is interconnected with the first external electrode with a first polarity at the (2t−1)th node, and a (t+S)th second control switch is interconnected with the second external electrode with a second polarity at the (2t)th node;
wherein, there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the tth first control switch and the tth second control switch are not short at the same time, and the the (t+S)th first control switch and the (t+S)th second control switch are not short at the same time.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 6, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode, or a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signal output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.

### Claim 9

A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
a circular armature unit, comprising:
L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and
L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N;
a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other, and the pair of external electrodes is a rechargeable battery or a power supplying module, and the first external electrode is interconnected to the rechargeable battery or the power supplying module in sequence by a inductor;
a first common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the first external electrode with a first polarity;
a second common potential electrode;
a third common potential electrode electrically connected to the second common potential electrode;
a fourth common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the second external electrode with a second polarity;
a control unit comprising M1′ first control switches, M1′ second control switches, M2′ third control switches and M2′ fourth control switches, wherein M1′=2S1, M2′=2S2, M1′+M2′≤M′, and S1≥1, S2≥1, S1+S2≤S, and M1′, M2′, S1 and S2 are all natural numbers; and
a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing the positions of the magnetic unit;
wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, and the S classes of the armature coils are further divided into a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes S1 classes of the armatures coils and the second group includes S2 classes of the armature coils;
wherein, the S1 classes of the armature coils in the first class are independently connected to the first control switch electrically connected to the first common potential electrode and the second control switch electrically connected to the second common potential electrode, wherein t1th class of the armature coils is formed by t1 step of the armature coils and t1+Sth step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t1 is a natural number and 1≤t1≤S, and wherein, a [2(t1)−1]th node and a [2(t1)]th node are on two terminals of the t1th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t1)]th first control switch is interconnected between the first common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and a [2(t1)−1]th second control switch is interconnected between the second common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t1)−1]th first control switch and the [2(t1)−1]th second control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t1)]th first control switch and the [2(t1)]th second control switch are not short at the same time;
wherein, the S2 classes of the armature coils in the second class are independently connected to the third control switch electrically connected to the third common potential electrode and the fourth control switch electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein t2th class of the armature coils is formed by t2 step of the armature coils and (t2+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t2 is a natural number and S1+1≤t2≤S, and a [2(t2)−1]th node and a [2(t2)-3]th node are on two terminals of the t2th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t2)-3]th third control switch is interconnected with the third common potential electrode at the [2(t2)−1]th node, and a [2(t2)-2]th second control switch is interconnected with the second common potential electrode at the [2(t2)]th node, and there are at most half of the third control switches short and at most half of the fourth control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t2)-3]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-3]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t2)-2]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-2]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a fifth control switch, a sixth control switch and a seventh control switch, wherein the third common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the fifth control switch and a terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the fifth control switch is electrically connected to the first common potential electrode, and the second common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the sixth control switch and the other one terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the sixth control switch is electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein the brushless DC dynamo acts as motor connected in parallel driven by the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are short and the seventh control switch is open, and the brushless DC dynamo acts as generator connected in series and charge to the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are open and the seventh control switch is short.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9, 10)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches, and the fourth control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9, 10)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth controlling switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches of the same step.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1.

### Claim 15 (depends on 5)

A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9.