# US 11,309,634 B2 · Method for synthesizing vortex electromagnetic wave carrying high orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode

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- Number: US 11,309,634 B2
- Document ID: US11309634B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/439,759
- Filed: 2020-08-28
- Published: 2022-03-24
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2020-07-06
- Assignees: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Applicants: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Inventors: Haibo Jiang; Zijun Chen; Yubin Gong; Yang Yang; Shaomeng Wang; Chengbo Gui; Jiangnan Fu; Xinyang He
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309634B2

## CPC

- H01Q 15/0086: {said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials}
- H01Q 1/24: with receiving set
- H01Q 3/267: {Phased-array testing or checking devices}
- H01Q 3/30: varying the {relative} phase {between the radiating elements of an array (H01Q3/2605, H01Q3/2658, H01Q3/2682, H01Q3/44 take precedence)}
- H01Q 3/40: with phasing matrix
- H01Q 21/00: Antenna arrays or systems (arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system H01Q3/00)
- H01Q 21/0006: {Particular feeding systems}
- H01Q 21/20: the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path {(slotted waveguide arrays H01Q21/005; circularly or helically slotted waveguides H01Q21/0062)}
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)

## Abstract

A novel synthetic uniform circular array (SUCA) method for generating vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave carrying high orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode has the following steps. N antenna elements are placed radially to form a uniform circular array (UCA), where N is a positive integer. By rotating the array elements to various spatial locations, modifying their feeding phases, and superimposing the generated fields at various spatial locations, SUCA can beat the limit of space and configure more array elements to generate vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying high mode OAMs. Meanwhile, due to the more synthetic array elements and smaller aperture than the traditional UCA, the purity of OAM mode is higher and it is more flexible to adjust the main lobe directions of these vortex waves carrying different OAM modes, and can generate vortex EM waves.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A synthetic uniform circular array (SUCA) method for generating vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave, characterized in that the method is to form a radially placed uniform circular antenna array (UCA) with N elements, where N is a positive integer, and then by rotating the array elements to various spatial locations, modifying their feeding phases, and superimposing the generated fields at various spatial locations, vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves can be generated;
the method includes the following steps: (1) N antenna elements are arranged on a circular ring to form an UCA; (2) N antenna elements are fed at the initial position to emit EM waves with the initial phase; (3) By rotating the array elements to various spatial locations and modifying their feeding phases, the phase-controlled EM waves are emitted; (4) The EM waves emitted in step (2) and step (3) are superimposed to generate vortex EM waves;
said step (1) also includes determining the OAM mode number α′ of the synthesized vortex EM wave, and determining the elements number Ns of the virtual synthesized antenna array; where Ns=kN, k>0, and k is an integer;
in said step (2), the phase of the EM wave emitted by the nth element is:
α
′
*
2
⁢
π
⁡
(
n
-
1
)
N
,
where 1≤n≤N, and n is an integer;
the specific operation method of step (3) is: rotating the antenna array around the central axis of the ring in a set direction, and feeding the N antenna elements for emitting the EM waves from the position after rotation;
the antenna array is rotated a total of s times, and the angle of each rotation is
2
⁢
π
N
s
;
after the antenna array is rotated for the ith time, the phase of the EM wave emitted by the nth antenna elements is:
α
′
*
2
⁢
π
⁡
(
n
-
1
)
N
+
α
′
*
2
⁢
π
N
s
*
i
;
wherein, s=k−1; 1≤i≤s, and the rotation direction is clockwise or counterclockwise.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna element is a circularly polarized antenna.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna element is a linearly polarized antenna In step (3), after each rotation of the antenna array, each antenna element also needs to rotate
2
⁢
π
N
s
around itself in a direction which is opposite to the rotation of the antenna array.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the N antenna elements are evenly arranged on a circular ring.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), the rotation is controlled by a precision rotating platform; and/or, the radius of the circular antenna array is adjustable.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 1.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The vortex EM wave according claim 6 is used for super-resolution biomedical imaging, communication, or radar imaging.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the radius of the circular antenna array can be adjusted according to the OAM mode number of vortex EM wave or the requirements of imaging system.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (1), the N antenna elements are evenly arranged on a circular ring.

### Claim 10 (depends on 3)

The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step (1), the N antenna elements are evenly arranged on a circular ring.

### Claim 11 (depends on 2)

The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (3), the rotation is controlled by a precision rotating platform; and/or, the radius of the circular antenna array is adjustable.

### Claim 12 (depends on 3)

The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step (3), the rotation is controlled by a precision rotating platform; and/or, the radius of the circular antenna array is adjustable.

### Claim 13 (depends on 2)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 2.

### Claim 14 (depends on 3)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 3.

### Claim 15 (depends on 4)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 4.

### Claim 16 (depends on 5)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 5.

### Claim 17 (depends on 8)

The vortex EM wave synthesized by the method according to claim 8.