# US 11,309,574 B2 · Systems and methods for electrical energy storage

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- Number: US 11,309,574 B2
- Document ID: US11309574B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/947,620
- Filed: 2015-11-20
- Published: 2017-05-25
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-11-20
- Assignees: Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC; Board of Regents, The University of Texas System
- Applicants: Eric Duoss; Juergen Biener; Patrick Campbell; Julie A. Jackson; Geoffrey M. Oxberry; Christopher Spadaccini; Michael Stadermann; Cheng Zhu; Bradley Trembacki; Jayathi Murthy; Matthew Merrill
- Inventors: Eric Duoss; Juergen Biener; Patrick Campbell; Julie A. Jackson; Geoffrey M. Oxberry; Christopher Spadaccini; Michael Stadermann; Cheng Zhu; Bradley Trembacki; Jayathi Murthy; Matthew Merrill
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309574B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/02: Details (of electrodes H01M4/00; of non-active parts H01M50/00)
- B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing
- H01G 11/26: characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G 11/28: arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
- H01G 11/52: Separators
- H01M 4/02: Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M 10/04: Construction or manufacture in general (H01M10/058, H01M10/12, H01M10/28, H01M10/38 take precedence)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- H01G: CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B3/00; capacitors having potential barriers H10D1/62, H10K10/10)

## Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an electrical energy storage apparatus which forms an interpenetrating, three dimensional structure. The structure may have a first non-planar channel filled with an anode material to form an anode, and a second non-planar channel adjacent the first non-planar channel filled with a cathode material to form a cathode. A third non-planar channel may be formed adjacent the first and second non-planar channels and filled with an electrolyte. The first, second and third channels are formed so as to be interpenetrating and form a spatially dense, three dimensional structure. A first current collector is in communication with the first non-planar channel and forms a first electrode, while a second current collector is in communication with the second non-planar channel and forms a second electrode. A separator layers separates the current collectors.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrical energy storage apparatus, comprising:
an interpenetrating, three dimensional, triply periodic structure including:
an electrolyte material;
a first non-planar layer of anode material to form an anode;
a second non-planar layer of cathode material which conforms to a contour of the first non-planar layer of anode material, and which forms a cathode;
the first non-planar layer and the second non-planar layer being formed so as to be interpenetrating in a triply periodic configuration, and which form a plurality of wall portions, and where the wall portions form non-parallel channels throughout the interpenetrating, three dimensional, triply periodic structure;
a first current collector layer in communication with the first non-planar layer and forming a first electrode;
a second current collector layer in communication with the second non-planar layer and forming a second electrode; and
a third non-planar layer forming a separator material disposed between the first non-planar layer and the second non-planar layer, and following the contour of the first non-planar layer and the second non-planar layer, with the first non-planar layer, the second non-planar layer and the third non-planar layer forming integrated wall portions propagating in the interpenetrating, three dimensional, triply periodic structure;
wherein the integrated wall portions forming the interpenetrating, three dimensional, triply periodic structure repeat periodically and uniformly in a plurality of differing non-parallel directions to provide channels extending in uniform, repeating patterns in the plurality of differing non-parallel directions, and wherein the integrated wall portions form uniform thicknesses; and
wherein each of the first and second non-planar layers of material forming the anode and cathode, respectively, are exposed on opposing sides of the integrated wall portions throughout an interior of the structure.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first current collector layer is non-planar.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second current collector layer is formed adjacent the second non-planar layer of cathode material.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first non-planar layer of anode material includes an electrically conductive filler material to improve electrical conductivity.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second non-planar layer of cathode material includes an electrically conductive filler material to improve electrical conductivity.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus forms a battery.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interpenetrating, three dimensional, triply periodic structure comprises one of:
a gyroid;
a double gyroid;
a Schwartz surface;
kelvin foam;
an octet truss;
a kagome lattice;
a Neovius surface;
an N14 Surface;
an N26 Surface;
an N38 Surface;
a Diamond surface; and
a Double Diamond surface.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the integrated wall portions provide a uniform, undulating, interpenetrating curvature throughout X, Y and Z dimensions of the structure.