# US 11,309,545 B2 · Carbonaceous materials for lithium-sulfur batteries

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- Number: US 11,309,545 B2
- Document ID: US11309545B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/383,803
- Filed: 2021-07-23
- Published: 2021-11-25
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-25
- Assignees: Lyten, Inc.
- Applicants: Lyten, Inc.
- Inventors: Anurag Kumar; Jeffrey Bell; Qianwen Huang; Jesse Baucom; You Li; John Thorne; Karel Vanheusden; Elena Rogojina; Jerzy Gazda
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309545B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/621: {Binders}
- C01B 32/05: Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
- H01M 4/13: Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M 4/62: Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/0565: Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
- B82Y 30/00: Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
- C01P 2004/02: obtained by optical microscopy
- C01P 2004/50: Agglomerated particles
- C01P 2004/61: Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
- C01P 2004/62: Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
- C01P 2004/64: Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
- C01P 2006/12: Surface area
- C01P 2006/16: Pore diameter
- C01P 2006/40: Electric properties
- H01M 10/0585: of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
- H01M 2300/0065: Solid electrolytes
- H01M 2300/0088: Composites
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C}
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A composition of matter may include pores and non-tri-zone particles and tri-zone particles. In one implementation, each tri-zone particle may include carbon fragments intertwined with each other and separated from one another by mesopores. Each tri-zone particle may also include a deformable perimeter that may coalesce with adjacent non-tri-zone particles or tri-zone particles. In some aspects, the tri-zone particles may include aggregates formed by a multitude of the tri-zone particles joined together. In some aspects, mesopores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates. Each tri-zone particle may also include agglomerates, where each agglomerate includes a multitude of the aggregates joined together. In some aspects, macropores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composition of matter including a plurality of pores, the composition of matter comprising:
a plurality of non-tri-zone particles;
a plurality of tri-zone particles, each tri-zone particle including:
a plurality of carbon fragments intertwined with each other and separated from one another by mesopores; and
a deformable perimeter configured to coalesce with one or more adjacent non-tri-zone particles or tri-zone particles;
a plurality of aggregates, each aggregate including a multitude of the tri-zone particles joined together, each aggregate having a principal dimension in a range between 10 nanometers (nm) and 10 micrometers (μm);
a plurality of mesopores interspersed throughout the plurality of aggregates, each mesopore having a principal dimension between 3.3 nanometers (nm) and 19.3 nm;
a plurality of agglomerates, each agglomerate including a multitude of the aggregates joined to each other, each agglomerate having a principal dimension in an approximate range between 0.1 μm and 1,000 μm; and
a plurality of macropores interspersed throughout the plurality of aggregates, each macropore having a principal dimension between 0.1 μm and 1,000 μm.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, further including a selectively permeable shell configured to form a separated liquid phase on one or more exposed surfaces of the composition of matter.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, further including an electrolyte dispersed within the composition of matter.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, wherein each of the pores has a principal dimension in an approximate range between 0 nanometers (nm) and 32.3 nm.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, wherein the composition of matter has an electrical conductivity in an approximate range between 100 S/m to 20,000 S/m at a pressure of 12,000 pounds per square in (psi).

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, wherein at least some agglomerates are connected to each other with one or more polymer-based binders.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The composition of matter of claim 1, wherein each of the tri-zone particles includes:
a first porosity region located around a center of each of the tri-zone particles, the first porosity region including first pores; and
a second porosity region surrounding the first porosity region, the second porosity region including second pores.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The composition of matter of claim 7, wherein the first pores define a first pore density, and the second pores define a second pore density different the first pore density.