# US 11,309,534 B2 · Electrodes and lithium ion cells with high capacity anode materials

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- Number: US 11,309,534 B2
- Document ID: US11309534B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/984,642
- Filed: 2018-05-21
- Published: 2018-09-20
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2009-11-03
- Assignees: Zenlabs Energy, Inc.
- Applicants: Zenlabs Energy, Inc.
- Inventors: Herman A. Lopez; Yogesh Kumar Anguchamy; Haixia Deng; Yongbong Han; Charan Masarapu; Subramanian Venkatachalam; Sujeet Kumar
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11309534B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- C25F 3/12: of semiconducting materials
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/133: Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M 4/364: {as mixtures}
- H01M 4/38: of elements or alloys
- H01M 4/386: {Silicon or alloys based on silicon}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 4/587: for inserting or intercalating light metals
- H01M 4/621: {Binders}
- H01M 4/622: {being polymers}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- H01M 2220/30: Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- C25F: PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

High capacity silicon based anode active materials are described for lithium ion batteries. These materials are shown to be effective in combination with high capacity lithium rich cathode active materials. Supplemental lithium is shown to improve the cycling performance and reduce irreversible capacity loss for at least certain silicon based active materials. In particular silicon based active materials can be formed in composites with electrically conductive coatings, such as pyrolytic carbon coatings or metal coatings, and composites can also be formed with other electrically conductive carbon components, such as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanoparticles. Additional alloys with silicon are explored.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising a lithium metal oxide, a negative electrode comprising a silicon-based active material, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and supplemental lithium distinct from lithium associated with the lithium metal oxide and supplemental to cycling lithium supplied by the lithium metal oxide, the supplemental lithium being in an amount corresponding to about 2.5% to about 50% of the negative electrode capacity, wherein the supplemental lithium is in the form of lithium metal and/or alloy configured for spontaneous reaction with the negative electrode.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 having an amount of supplemental lithium corresponding to at least about 10% of the negative electrode capacity.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the negative electrode comprises nanostructured silicon.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the silicon-based active material comprises a silicon-carbon composite.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the negative electrode has a specific discharge capacity of at least about 750 mAh/g at a rate of C/3.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Li1+xM1−yO2−zFz where M is one or more metal elements, x is from 0.01 to 0.33, y is from x−0.2 to x+0.2 with the proviso that y≥0, and z is from 0 to 0.2.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium metal oxide comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium metal oxide comprises lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 having a first cycle negative electrode irreversible capacity loss of no more than about 20% of the initial charge capacity.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the silicon-based active material comprises nano-porous silicon.