# US 11,308,248 B2 · Apparatus and method for quantum computing performance simulation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,308,248 B2 - Document ID: US11308248B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/972,119 - Filed: 2018-05-05 - Published: 2019-02-07 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-05-05 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Applicants: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Anne Matsuura; Sonika Johri; Justin Hogaboam - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11308248B2 ## CPC - G06F 30/20: Design optimisation, verification or simulation (optimisation, verification or simulation of circuit designs G06F30/30) - G06N 10/20: Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers - G06N 10/80: Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computers; Platforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS ## Abstract Apparatus and method for a full quantum system simulator. For example, one embodiment of a method comprises: initializing a quantum computing system simulator for simulating multiple layers of a quantum system including one or more non-quantum layers and one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system; simulating a first set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate first simulation results; simulating a second set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate second simulation results; analyzing the first and second simulation results to provide at least one configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A non-transitory machine-readable medium having program code stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations of: initializing a quantum computing system simulator for simulating multiple layers of a quantum system including one or more non-quantum layers and one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system; simulating a first set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate first simulation results; simulating a second set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate second simulation results; and analyzing the first and second simulation results to provide at least one configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the non-quantum layers comprise a first layer to process quantum runtime program code, a second layer to translate the quantum runtime program code into a plurality of operations, and a third layer to execute the plurality of operations to control the one or more physical quantum devices at the quantum device layer. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 2 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers comprise a quantum processor comprising a plurality of quantum bits (qubits), wherein simulation of the second set of operations include simulating the one or more operations performed on the qubits. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1 further comprising: re-initializing the quantum computing system simulator in accordance with the at least one configuration recommendation; simulating a third set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate third simulation results; simulating a fourth set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate fourth simulation results; and comparing the first simulation results with the third simulation results and comparing the second simulation results with the fourth simulation results to generate a second configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 4 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers are static, and wherein the at least one configuration recommendation comprises a recommended modification to one or more of the non-quantum layers. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the one or more non-quantum layers comprise an algorithm execution preparation layer and a hardware control and execution flow layer, wherein an algorithm execution preparation simulator for the algorithm execution preparation layer simulates resources that must be allocated to compiling and scheduling a sequence of quantum gates to run on a specific qubit device technology and a particular qubit plane organization. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 6 wherein a hardware control and execution flow simulator for the hardware control and execution flow layer simulates parallelism and degree of individual qubit control afforded by available control electronics. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are simulated by a qubit device performance simulator which simulates single qubit and two qubit gate fidelity, state preparation and measurement errors, coherence times, and/or device performance measurements required in the quantum system. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are further simulated by a qubit plane organization simulator to simulate interconnectivity between physical qubits in a quantum processor. ### Claim 10 A method comprising: initializing a quantum computing system simulator for simulating multiple layers of a quantum system including one or more non-quantum layers and one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system; simulating a first set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate first simulation results; simulating a second set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate second simulation results; and analyzing the first and second simulation results to provide at least one configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the non-quantum layers comprise a first layer to process quantum runtime program code, a second layer to translate the quantum runtime program code into a plurality of operations, and a third layer to execute the plurality of operations to control the one or more physical quantum devices at the quantum device layer. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers comprise a quantum processor comprising a plurality of quantum bits (qubits), wherein simulation of the second set of operations include simulating the one or more operations performed on the qubits. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 further comprising program code to cause the machine to perform the additional operations of: re-initializing the quantum computing system simulator in accordance with the at least one configuration recommendation; simulating a third set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate third simulation results; simulating a fourth set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate fourth simulation results; and comparing the first simulation results with the third simulation results and comparing the second simulation results with the fourth simulation results to generate a second configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers are static, and wherein the at least one configuration recommendation comprises a recommended modification to one or more of the non-quantum layers. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the one or more non-quantum layers comprise an algorithm execution preparation layer and a hardware control and execution flow layer, wherein an algorithm execution preparation simulator for the algorithm execution preparation layer simulates resources that must be allocated to compiling and scheduling a sequence of quantum gates to run on a specific qubit device technology and a particular qubit plane organization. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15 wherein a hardware control and execution flow simulator for the hardware control and execution flow layer simulates parallelism and degree of individual qubit control afforded by available control electronics. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are simulated by a qubit device performance simulator which simulates single qubit and two qubit gate fidelity, state preparation and measurement errors, coherence times, and/or device performance measurements required in the quantum system. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are further simulated by a qubit plane organization simulator to simulate interconnectivity between physical qubits in a quantum processor. ### Claim 19 A system comprising: quantum simulation configurator circuitry to initialize a quantum computing system simulator for simulating multiple layers of a quantum system including one or more non-quantum layers and one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system; a first set of one or more simulator circuitries to simulate a first set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate first simulation results; a second set of one or more simulator circuitries to simulate a second set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate second simulation results; and results analyzer circuitry to analyze the first and second simulation results to provide at least one configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19 wherein the non-quantum layers comprise a first layer to process quantum runtime program code, a second layer to translate the quantum runtime program code into a plurality of operations, and a third layer to execute the plurality of operations to control the one or more physical quantum devices at the quantum device layer. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The system of claim 20 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers comprise a quantum processor comprising a plurality of quantum bits (qubits), wherein simulation of the second set of operations include simulating the one or more operations performed on the qubits. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19 wherein the quantum computing simulator is re-initialized in accordance with the at least one configuration recommendation, and wherein the first set of one or more simulator circuitries are to simulate a third set of operations of the one or more non-quantum layers of the quantum system to generate third simulation results and the second set of one or more simulator circuitries are to simulate a fourth set of operations of the one or more quantum device layers of the quantum system to generate fourth simulation results; and the results analyzer circuitry is to compare the first simulation results with the third simulation results and compare the second simulation results with the fourth simulation results to generate a second configuration recommendation for the quantum system. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The system of claim 22 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers are static, and wherein the at least one configuration recommendation comprises a recommended modification to one or more of the non-quantum layers. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19 wherein the one or more non-quantum layers comprise an algorithm execution preparation layer and a hardware control and execution flow layer, wherein an algorithm execution preparation simulator for the algorithm execution preparation layer simulates resources that must be allocated to compiling and scheduling a sequence of quantum gates to run on a specific qubit device technology and a particular qubit plane organization. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The system of claim 24 wherein a hardware control and execution flow simulator for the hardware control and execution flow layer simulates parallelism and degree of individual qubit control afforded by available control electronics. ### Claim 26 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are simulated by a qubit device performance simulator which simulates single qubit and two qubit gate fidelity, state preparation and measurement errors, coherence times, and/or device performance measurements required in the quantum system. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The system of claim 26 wherein the one or more physical quantum device layers of the quantum system are further simulated by qubit plane organization simulator circuitry to simulate interconnectivity between physical qubits in a quantum processor.