# US 11,307,162 B2 · Highly sensitive biomarker biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,307,162 B2 - Document ID: US11307162B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/543,657 - Filed: 2019-08-19 - Published: 2020-03-05 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-08-20 - Assignees: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University - Applicants: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University - Inventors: Feng Yan; Ying Fu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11307162B2 ## CPC - C12Q 1/6816: characterised by the detection means (C12Q1/6804 takes precedence) - G01N 27/27: Association of two or more measuring systems or cells, each measuring a different parameter, where the measurement results may be either used independently, the systems or cells being physically associated, or combined to produce a value for a further parameter - C12Q 1/6886: for cancer (immunoassay for cancer G01N33/575) - G01N 27/3272: {Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels (optical biosensors G01N33/52)} - G01N 27/3275: {Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction} - G01N 27/4145: {specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors} - C12Q 2600/178: miRNA, siRNA or ncRNA - C12Q: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) ## Abstract The present technology for the detection and analysis of analytes within a sample is based on molecular biology methods, including western blotting, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and RT-PCR, which are normally time-consuming and laborious. The present disclosure provides novel OECT based electrochemical biosensors that can enable the convenient and cost-effective determination of analytes within a sample with high sensitivity and selectivity. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electrochemical biosensor comprising a plurality of electrodes, comprising: a gate electrode comprising a first agent capable of specifically binding to an analyte in a sample; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a channel comprising an organic semiconductor between the source electrode and the drain electrode; a plurality of gold nanoparticles comprising an electrochemically active enzyme and a second agent capable of specifically binding to the analyte in the sample; and a substrate for the electrochemically active enzyme, wherein the gate electrode and the channel are separated by an electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte contacts the gate electrode and the channel. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first agent or the second agent is an antibody. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the first agent is a monoclonal antibody capable of specifically binding to the analyte. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the first agent is a nucleic acid probe capable of specifically binding to the analyte. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the second agent is a polyclonal antibody capable of specifically binding to the analyte. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemically active enzyme is horseradish peroxidase and the substrate for the electrochemically active enzyme is hydrogen peroxide. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the organic semiconductor comprises a film coating on the drain and source electrodes. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the organic semiconductor comprises poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrodes further comprises gold. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the gate electrode comprises grooves comprising the first agent capable of specifically binding to an analyte. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles have a diameter of under 90 nm, under 80 nm, under 70 nm, under 60 nm, under 50 nm, under 40 nm, under 30 nm, under 20 nm, under 10 nm, or under 1 nm. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the channel has a width of 5 mm and a length of 0.1 mm. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the sample is selected from a cell lysate or whole cells, and wherein the analyte is selected from protein or nucleic acid. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 13, wherein the analyte is microRNA (miRNA). ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A method for detecting an analyte in a sample, the method comprising contacting the sample in the electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1 to produce a measurable signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein the detecting further comprises contacting a control sample in the electrochemical biosensor to produce a measurable signal and comparing the measurable signal of the sample with the measurable signal of the control sample. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein the analyte is a biomarker and the detecting comprises at least one of the diagnosis or prognosis of a disease or medical condition. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, wherein the disease or medical condition is cancer. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method according to claim 18, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, wherein the biomarker is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The electrochemical biosensor according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of multiwall nanotubes, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are disposed on the surface of the plurality of multiwall nanotubes.