# US 11,307,154 B2 · Methods and systems for measuring the density of material including an electromagnetic moisture property detector > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,307,154 B2 - Document ID: US11307154B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/907,832 - Filed: 2020-06-22 - Published: 2020-10-08 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2005-08-30 - Assignees: Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. - Applicants: Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. - Inventors: Robert Ernest Troxler; Wewage Hiran Linus Dep - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11307154B2 ## CPC - G01N 33/42: Road-making materials (G01N33/38 takes precedence) - G01N 9/24: by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material - G01N 19/10: Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers - G01N 23/005: {by using neutrons (G01N23/02 - G01N23/227 take precedence)} - G01N 23/02: by transmitting the radiation through the material - G01N 23/025: {using neutrons} - G01N 23/06: and measuring the absorption - G01N 23/203: Measuring back scattering - G01N 27/048: {for determining moisture content of the material} - G01N 33/24: Earth materials (G01N33/42 takes precedence) - G01N 33/246: {for water content} - G01N 2223/1013: gamma - H05K 2203/162: Testing a finished product, e.g. heat cycle testing of solder joints - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS ## Abstract The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material. An electromagnetic sensor may determine a frequency response of the material to the electromagnetic field across the several frequencies. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A material property gauge for determining a property of a material, the material property gauge comprising: (a) a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material, the nuclear density gauge comprising: a radiation source adapted to emit radiation into the material; (b) an energy selective radiation detector positioned apart from the source operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation as a function of energy; (c) a first material property calculation function configured to calculate a raw wet density value of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector; an electromagnetic moisture property gauge for determining a moisture property of the material and for correcting the raw wet density value of the material based on the hydrogen content from the determined moisture; and (d) a material property calculation function configured to calculate a property value associated with the sample based on the corrected wet density and the determined moisture content. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic moisture property gauge is configured to determine the moisture of the material based on the electromagnetic properties of the material. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the sample construction material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of soil, pavement, stone, sub-base material, and sub-grade material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1 wherein the moisture property detector is operable to determine a response related to one or more of permittivity, conductivity, a resistivity, and a dielectric constant of the sample construction material for calculating a moisture content of the sample construction material. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the corrected property represents a corrected wet density and a corrected dry density. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The material property gauge of claim 5, wherein the corrected wet density is corrected based on the chemical composition of the material including hydrogen. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the material property calculation function is configured to determine a raw density value of the sample construction material based on the signals produced by the radiation detector relating to chemical composition and absorption. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The material property gauge of claim 7, wherein the dry density is determined by removing the determined water content from the corrected wet density. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The material property gauge of claim 8, wherein the wet density is corrected by a fraction of the moisture content. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The material property gauge of claim 9, wherein the fraction removed is 1/20*M. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, where the wet density, dry density and water content is presented to the user on a display. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the moisture property detector is at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain-based device. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The material property gauge of claim 12, wherein the moisture property device is at least one of a time domain or frequency domain reflectometer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the moisture property detector determines the response relating to one or more of a complex permittivity, complex conductivity, a resistivity, impedance parameter, admittance parameter, and a dielectric constant of the sample construction material for calculating a moisture content of the sample construction material. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic property moisture detector is configured for: generating an electromagnetic field of at least one frequency and that penetrates into the construction material; determining a frequency response of the material in the electromagnetic field; and correlating the frequency response of the material to a moisture property of the material. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The material property gauge of claim 15, wherein determining a frequency response of the pavement material includes determining a frequency response of at least one of scattering parameters, admittance parameters, impedance parameters, impedance properties, transmission matrix parameters, reflection matrix parameters, quality factors, complex permittivity, complex permeability, complex propagation constant, and voltage standing wave ratio. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The material property gauge of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic moisture gauge is at least one of a fringing field, capacitive, monopole, dipole, microwave, resonant, non resonant, frequency domain, TDR, time domain device. ### Claim 18 A method for measuring the density of a sample construction material, the method comprising: (a) directing radiation into a sample construction material; (b) detecting radiation from the sample construction material; (c) producing a signal representing one or more energy levels of the detected radiation; (d) determining the background radiation levels; (e) determining a moisture property of the sample construction material; (f) producing a signal representing the moisture property and a correction based on hydrogen in the moisture property; and (g) calculating a property value associated with the sample construction material based upon the signal representing the one or more energy levels of the detected radiation and correcting the property value for and the signal representing the moisture and hydrogen in the moisture property, and wherein the method further comprises: (a) determining a response related to one or more of permittivity, conductivity, a resistivity, and a dielectric constant of the sample construction material based on the signal representing the moisture property; and (b) calculating a moisture content of the sample construction material based on the one or more of permittivity, conductivity, a resistivity, and a dielectric constant of the sample construction material. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the sample construction material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of soil, asphalt, pavement, stone, sub-base material, and sub-grade material. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising correcting the raw density value based on the signal representing the moisture property. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising calculating a value of the density of the sample material which is corrected for ambient background radiation. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, comprising determining a raw density property value of the sample construction material based on the signals representing the directed radiation and the ambient radiation. ### Claim 23 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, comprising displaying the value associated with the density of the sample material. ### Claim 24 A method for measuring the density of a sample construction material, the method comprising: (a) directing radiation into a sample construction material; (b) detecting radiation from the sample construction material; (c) producing a signal representing one or more energy levels of the detected radiation; (d) determining the background radiation levels; (e) determining a moisture property of the sample construction material; (f) producing a signal representing the moisture property and a correction based on hydrogen in the moisture property; and (g) calculating a property value associated with the sample construction material based upon the signal representing the one or more energy levels of the detected radiation and correcting the property value for and the signal representing the moisture and hydrogen in the moisture property, and wherein the method further comprises determining a frequency response of the pavement material including determining a frequency response of at least one of scattering parameters, admittance parameters, impedance parameters, impedance properties, transmission matrix parameters, reflection matrix parameters, quality factors, complex permittivity, complex permeability, complex propagation constant, and voltage standing wave ratio. ### Claim 25 A method for measuring the density of a sample construction material, the method comprising: (a) directing radiation into a sample construction material; (b) detecting radiation from the sample construction material; (c) producing a signal representing one or more energy levels of the detected radiation; (d) determining the background radiation levels; (e) determining a moisture property of the sample construction material; (f) producing a signal representing the moisture property and a correction based on hydrogen in the moisture property; and (g) calculating a property value associated with the sample construction material based upon the signal representing the one or more energy levels of the detected radiation and correcting the property value for and the signal representing the moisture and hydrogen in the moisture property, and wherein the method further comprises an electromagnetic moisture property measurement incorporating at least one of a fringing field, capacitive, monopole, dipole, microwave, resonant, non-resonant, frequency domain, TDR, time domain device.