# US 11,307,135 B2 · Bearing pad

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- Number: US 11,307,135 B2
- Document ID: US11307135B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/858,875
- Filed: 2020-04-27
- Published: 2020-11-05
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2019-04-30
- Assignees: Fabreeka International Holdings, Inc.
- Applicants: Fabreeka International Holdings, Inc.
- Inventors: Luis De Jesus
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11307135B2

## CPC

- E04B 1/36: Bearings or like supports allowing movement (for bridges E01D19/04; buildings with-standing earthquakes E04H9/02)
- G01N 19/08: Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities
- E04B 1/98: against vibrations or shocks (on foundations E02D31/08); against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids (against incendiary damage only E04B1/94; finishing work therefor E04F; buildings withstanding earthquake or the like, shelters, arrangements of splintercatching walls E04H9/00)
- F16F 15/08: with rubber springs {(grommet- or bushing-type resilient mountings F16F1/3732, F16F1/38); with springs made of rubber and metal (arrangement of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units B60K5/12; mounting of propulsion plants on vessels B63H21/30; mounting of vehicle drivers' cabs B62D33/0604)}
- G01L 5/0004: {Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure (G01L5/0009 takes precedence)}
- G01M 5/0033: {by determining damage, crack or wear}
- G01M 5/0041: {by determining deflection or stress}
- G01M 5/0083: {by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction}
- F16F 2230/08: Sensor arrangement
- F16F 2230/24: Detecting or preventing malfunction, e.g. fail safe
- F16F 2230/40: Multi-layer
- G01L 1/146: {for measuring force distributions, e.g. using force arrays (G01L1/148 takes precedence)}
- G01L 1/16: using properties of piezoelectric devices
- E04B: GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS (border constructions of opening in walls, floors or ceilings E06B1/00; {electromagnetic shielding H05K9/0001})
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- F16F: SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G)
- G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

## Abstract

A resilient bearing pad or support includes resilient material and a sensor that is configured to measure one or more of acceleration, velocity, variations in load, etc. of a mass supported by the bearing pad. The sensor may be configured to wirelessly transmit data for storage and/or evaluation. The data may be evaluated utilizing predefined criteria to detect and/or predict failure of the pad and/or a mass supported by the pad.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A support system for building structures and bridge structures that are immovably supported on stationary base structures, the support system comprising:
a resilient pad having an upper side that is configured to engage a surface of a building structure or a surface of a bridge structure, and a lower side that is configured to engage a stationary base structure to support a building structure or a bridge structure whereby a dimension between the upper and lower sides changes as a result of changing loads being applied to the upper and lower sides;
a sensor that generates displacement data due to changes in the dimension between the upper and lower sides when changing loads are applied to the upper and lower sides of the resilient pad; and
a computing device that is configured to utilize the displacement data to: 1) determine if the displacement data indicates that structural degradation meeting predefined structural failure criteria for the building structure or the bridge structure is imminent or has occurred, and/or: 2) determine a predicted lifespan of the building or bridge structure based on a predicted structural failure of the building or bridge structure.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein-:
the resilient pad includes a cavity;
the sensor is disposed in the cavity.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The support system of claim 2, wherein:
the sensor comprises a piezoelectric sensor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The support system of claim 2, wherein:
the resilient pad includes resilient material disposed between the cavity and the first side.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The support system of claim 4, wherein:
the resilient pad includes resilient material disposed between the cavity and the second side.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The support system of claim 5, wherein:
the resilient pad includes at least one transverse surface extending between surfaces of the upper and lower sides;
the resilient pad incudes resilient material disposed between the cavity and the at least one transverse surface.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The support system of claim 6, wherein:
the at least one transverse surface comprises a peripheral surface extending between the surfaces of the upper and lower sides around a periphery of the resilient pad.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein:
the resilient pad comprises resilient first and second layers and a resilient central layer sandwiched between the resilient first and second layers, wherein the resilient central layer has an opening therethrough forming a cavity, and wherein the sensor is disposed in the cavity between the resilient first and second layers.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The support system of claim 8, wherein:
opposite sides of the resilient central layer are bonded to the resilient first and second layers.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein:
the computing device is configured to utilize the displacement data to determine at least one of a velocity of the upper side relative to the lower side, and an acceleration of the upper side relative to the lower side.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein:
the computing device is configured to determine a predicted lifespan of the building structure or the bridge structure utilizing a material property comprising a relation between cyclic stress amplitude and number of cycles to failure.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein;
the computing device is configured to determine that a failure of the building structure or the bridge structure has occurred if the displacement data indicates that a change in loading on the resilient pad meeting predefined failure criteria has occurred.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The support system of claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of resilient pads and sensors are operably connected to the computing device, wherein the plurality of resilient pads and sensors are configured to support a single building structure or a single bridge structure; and
the controller is configured to determine rotation of the single building structure or the single bridge structure relative to a stationary base structure below the plurality of resilient pads and sensors utilizing displacement data from the plurality of sensors.

### Claim 14

A support system comprising:
a resilient pad having first and second opposite sides that are configured to engage two surfaces to support a building structure or a bridge structure, or an immovable stationary base structure;
a sensor that generates sensor data responsive to loads applied to at least one of the first and second opposite sides of the resilient pad;
a computing device that is configured to utilize the sensor data to: 1) determine if the sensor data indicates that degradation meeting predefined failure criteria for at least one of the resilient pad and the structure is imminent or has occurred, and/or: 2) determine a predicted lifespan of the resilient pad and/or the structure; and
the computing device is configured to determine a predicted lifespan of the building structure or the bridge structure by comparing measured loads and numbers of cycles to a predicted number of cycles at which structural failure of the building structure or the bridge structure would occur at the measured loads.

### Claim 15

A method of monitoring a structure, the method comprising:
positioning a plurality of resilient pads on a stationary base structure;
supporting a structure on the plurality of resilient pads, the plurality of resilient pads having sensors configured to measure at least one parameter related to forces acting on the resilient pads;
utilizing a predefined relationship between the measured parameter and a predicted structural degradation of the structure to determine at least one of structural degradation of the structure and a predicted structural failure of the structure due to structural degradation of the structure, wherein:
the structure is substantially stationary other than movement of the structure relative to the stationary base structure due to deformation of one or more of the resilient pads.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein:
the structure comprises a building structure or a bridge structure;
the parameter measured by the sensors comprises force; and including:
utilizing a computer model of the building or bridge structure to determine stress levels in the building or bridge structure as a function of forces acting on the resilient pads;
utilizing a material property of the building or bridge structure to determine a predicted failure of the building or bridge structure.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein:
the forces acting on the resilient pads are cyclical; and including:
utilizing an S-N curve comprising a relationship between cyclic stress amplitude and number of cycles to failure to determine a predicted structural failure of the building or bridge structure.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein:
the structural integrity of the building or bridge structure degrades over time;
degradation of the structural integrity of the building or bridge structure results in changes in the measured parameter; and including:
utilizing the measured parameter and predefined criteria to determine the present structural integrity of the building or bridge structure.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, wherein:
degradation of the structure results in at least one of: 1) a change in force distribution among the sensors, and: 2) a change in a natural frequency of the structure that can be detected based on the measured parameter;
the present structural integrity of the structure is determined, at least in part, based on at least one of: 1) a change in force distribution among the sensors, and: 2) a change in a natural frequency of the structure.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, including:
utilizing the measured parameter to: 1) detect a failure of at least one resilient pad, and/or: 2) predict a lifespan of at least one resilient pad.

### Claim 21 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, including:
utilizing data from the sensors to determine movement of the structure relative to the stationary base structure.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
determining movement of the structure relative to the stationary base structure includes determining a rotation of the structure relative to the stationary base structure.