# US 11,306,923 B2 · Intra-day rolling scheduling method for integrated heat and electricity system

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 11,306,923 B2
- Document ID: US11306923B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/842,566
- Filed: 2020-04-07
- Published: 2020-07-23
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2017-10-22
- Assignees: Tsinghua University
- Applicants: Tsinghua University
- Inventors: Hongbin Sun; Qinglai Guo; Bin Wang; Yuwei Chen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11306923B2

## CPC

- G06Q 50/06: Energy or water supply
- F24D 19/1006: {for water heating systems}
- G05B 17/02: electric
- G06Q 10/0631: Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q 10/06312: {Adjustment or analysis of established resource schedule, e.g. resource or task levelling, or dynamic rescheduling}
- H02J 3/00: Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J 2103/30: Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
- Y02E 40/70: Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
- Y02P 80/15: On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
- Y04S 10/50: Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24D: DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR (using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plants for heating purposes F01K17/02)
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

An intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system including: establishing an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum; establishing constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; and solving the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system, comprising:
establishing an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum, the integrated heat and electricity system comprising combined heat and power units, thermal power units, heat pumps, and circulating pumps;
establishing constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; and
solving the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump, as an intra-day rolling scheduling scheme of the integrated heat and electricity system,
wherein the objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:
min
⁢
∑
t
=
1
16
⁢
(
∑
b
=
1
N
⁢
F
⁢
(
p
b
,
t
,
⁢
q
b
,
t
)
+
∑
x
=
1
N
TU
⁢
F
TU
⁡
(
p
x
,
t
)
)
⁢
Δ
⁢
t
,
where, pb,t represents an active power of a bth combined heat and power unit in the integrated heat and electricity system at a tth scheduling period, qb,t represents a heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit at the tth scheduling period, N represents a number of combined heat and power units, F(pb,t,qb,t) represents a running cost of the bth combined heat and power unit at the tth scheduling period, px,t represents an active power of an xth thermal power unit in a power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system at the tth scheduling period, NTU represents a number of thermal power units, FTU(px,t) represents a running cost of the xth thermal power unit, and Δt represents an interval between two neighboring scheduling periods.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the constraints comprise: a power flow constraint of the power grid, a pipe pressure loss constraint of a heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system, a hydraulic characteristic constraint of a circulating pump of the heating network, a pipe heating loss constraint of the heating network, a temperature constraint of a junction node of a plurality of pipes of the heating network, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by combined heat and power units, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the circulating pump, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the heat pump, and upper and lower limit constraints.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the power flow constraint of the power grid is denoted by formulas of:
P
i
,
t
=
U
i
,
t
⁢
∑
j
∈
i
⁢
U
j
,
t
⁡
(
G
ij
⁢
cos
⁡
(
θ
i
,
t
-
θ
j
,
t
)
+
B
ij
⁢
sin
⁡
(
θ
t
-
θ
j
,
t
)
)
,
⁢
i
,
j
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
⁢
n
,
t
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
,
16
Q
i
,
t
=
U
i
,
t
⁢
∑
j
∈
i
⁢
U
j
,
t
⁡
(
G
ij
⁢
sin
⁡
(
θ
i
,
t
-
θ
j
,
t
)
-
B
ij
⁢
cos
⁡
(
θ
i
,
t
-
θ
j
,
t
)
)
,
⁢
i
,
j
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
⁢
n
,
t
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
,
16
,
where, Pi,t represents an injected active power of a ith node of the power grid at the tth scheduling period, i,t represents an injected reactive power of the ith node of the power grid at the tth scheduling period, θi,t represents a voltage phase angle of the ith node at the tth scheduling period, θj,t represents a voltage phase angle of the jth node at the tth scheduling period, Ui,t represents a voltage amplitude of the ith node at the tth scheduling period, Uj,t represents a voltage amplitude of the jth node at the tth scheduling period, Gij represents a real part of an element at ith row and jth column in a node admittance matrix Y of the power grid, Bij represents an imaginary part of the element at ith row and jth column in the node admittance matrix Y of the power grid, and n represents a number of nodes of the power grid.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the pipe pressure loss constraint of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:
ΔHl,t=Slml,t|ml,t|,t=1,2, . . . ,16,
where, ΔHl,t represents a pressure loss of a lth pipe of the heating network at the tth scheduling period, Sl represents a resistance characteristic coefficient, and ml,t represents a mass flow rate of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic characteristic constraint of a circulating pump of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:
HP,t=H0−SpmP,t2t=1,2, . . . ,16,
where, HP,t represents a head of delivery of the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period, H0 represents a static head of delivery of the circulating pump, Sp represents a resistance coefficient of the circulating pump, and mP,t represents a mass flow rate that flowing through the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the pipe heating loss constraint of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:
T
e
,
l
,
t
=
(
T
h
,
l
,
t
-
T
a
,
l
,
t
)
⁢
e
-
λ
⁢
⁢
L
l
C
p
⁢
m
l
,
t
+
T
a
,
l
,
t
,
t
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
,
16
,
where, Te,l,t represents a tail-end temperature of the lth pipe of the heating network at the tth scheduling period, Th,l,t represents a head-end temperature of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period, Ta,l,t represents an ambient temperature of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period, ml,t represents the mass flow rate of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period, Ll represents a length of the lth pipe, Cp represents a specific heat capacity of water, λ represents a heat transfer coefficient per unit length of the pipe, and e represents a natural logarithm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature constraint of the junction node of the plurality of pipes of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:
(
∑
l
∈
S
n
out
⁢
m
l
,
t
)
⁢
T
h
,
l
,
t
=
∑
l
∈
S
n
i
⁢
⁢
n
⁢
m
l
,
t
⁢
T
e
,
l
,
t
-
Q
J
,
n
,
t
,
t
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
,
16
,
where, ml,t represents a mass flow rate of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period, Te,l,t represents a tail-end temperature of the lth pipe of the heating network at the tth scheduling period, Th,l,t represents a head-end temperature of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period, Snout represents a set of all pipe numbers flowing out of a nth node of the heating network, Snin represents a set of all pipe numbers flowing into the nth node of the heating network, and J,n,t represents a heating power of the nth node of the heating network at the tth scheduling period.

### Claim 8 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the combined heat and power units is denoted by formulas of:
pb,t=Σk=1NKbαb,tkPbk,qb,t=Σk=1NKbαb,tkbk,t=1,2, . . . ,16,
where, (Pbk,bk) represents a kth vertex of an approximate convex polygon in a running feasible region of the bth combined heat and power unit, αb,tk represents a kth combination coefficient of the bth combined heat and power unit at the tth scheduling period, Σk=1NKbαb,tk=1, 0≤αb,tk≤1, and NKb represents a number of vertexes of the approximate polygon in the running feasible region of the bth combined heat and power unit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the circulating pump is denoted by a formula of:
P
P
,
t
=
m
P
,
t
⁢
g
⁢
H
P
,
t
1
⁢
0
6
⁢
η
P
,
t
=
1
,
2
,
…
⁢
,
16
,
where, PP,t represents an active power consumed by the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period, g represents an acceleration of gravity, ηP, represents an efficiency of the circulating pump, mP,t represents a mass flow rate that flowing through the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period, and HP,t represents a head of delivery of the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period.

### Claim 10 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the heat pump is denoted by a formula of:
Php,t=Chphp,t,t=1,2, . . . ,16,
where, hp,t represents a heating power emitted by the heat pump at the tth scheduling period, Php,t represents an electric power consumed by the heat pump at the tth scheduling period, and Chp represents a heat generation efficiency of the heat pump.

### Claim 11 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein upper and lower limit constraints comprise:
Ui≤Ui,t≤Ūi,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Ui represents an upper limit for safe operating voltage of the ith node, and Ūi represents a lower limit for safe operating voltage of the ith node;
Sl,t≤Sl,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Sl,t represents a transmission capacity of a lth branch of the power grid, and Sl represents a maximum transmission capacity of the power grid;
−Δpbdown·Δt≤pb,t−pb,t-1≤Δpbup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δpbup represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit, Δpbdown represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit, and pb,t-1 represents an active power of the bth combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;
−Δqbdown·Δt≤qb,t−qb,t-1≤Δqbup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δqbup represents an upward ramp rate of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit, Δqbdown represents a downward ramp rate of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit, and qb,t-1 represents a heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;
−Δpxdown·Δt≤px,t−px,t-1≤Δpxup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δpxup represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the xth thermal power unit, Δpxdown represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the xth thermal power unit, and px,t-1 represents an active power of the xth thermal power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;
pb≤pb,t≤pb,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, pb represents an upper limit of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit and pb represents a lower limit of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit;
qb≤qb,t≤qb,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, qb represents an upper limit of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit and qb represents a lower limit of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit; and
px≤px,t≤px,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, wherein, px represents an upper limit of the active power of the xth thermal power unit and px represents a lower limit of the active power of the xth thermal power unit.

### Claim 12 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein upper and lower limit constraints comprise:
0≤ml,t≤ml,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, ml represents an upper limit of the mass flow rate of the heating network; and
T≤Ti,t≤T,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Ti,t represents a return water temperature of an ith heat exchange station in the heating network at the tth scheduling period, T represents an upper limit of the return water temperature of the heating network, and T represents a lower limit of the return water temperature of the heating network.