# US 11,306,918 B2 · Turbulator geometry for a combustion liner > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,306,918 B2 - Document ID: US11306918B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/179,143 - Filed: 2018-11-02 - Published: 2020-05-07 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-11-02 - Assignees: Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation - Applicants: Chromalloy Gas Turbine LLC - Inventors: Daniel L. Folkers; Vincent C. Martling; Zhenhua Xiao; John Bacile - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11306918B2 ## CPC - F23R 3/002: {Wall structures (F23R3/02 and F23R3/007 take precedence)} - F23R 3/46: Combustion chambers comprising an annular arrangement of {several essentially tubular} flame tubes within a common annular casing or within individual casings - F23R 2900/03045: Convection cooled combustion chamber walls provided with turbolators or means for creating turbulences to increase cooling - F23R: GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16) ## Abstract A heat transfer mechanism is provided comprising a plurality of turbulators located along a surface of a body, such as a combustion liner. The turbulators have a first side with a first ramp angle, a second side with a second ramp angle, a height, and a base width, where the base width is a function of the height and where the turbulators are spaced an axial distance apart that is a function of the turbulator height. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A combustion liner comprising: a generally annular body having a first cylindrical portion, a conical portion, and a second cylindrical portion; a cooling passage formed around the first cylindrical portion; an inlet proximate the first cylindrical portion and an outlet proximate the second cylindrical portion; a first plurality of discrete turbulators located along an outer surface of the first cylindrical portion; and a second plurality of discrete turbulators located along an outer surface of the conical portion; wherein: each of the first plurality of turbulators are a band with a uniform profile that extends entirely about a circumference of the first cylindrical portion; each of the second plurality of turbulators are a band with a uniform profile that extends entirely about a circumference of the conical portion; each of the first plurality of turbulators have a first side extending at a first ramp angle from the outer surface of the first cylindrical portion, a second side extending at a second ramp angle from the outer surface of the first cylindrical portion, a height, and a base width, each of the first plurality of turbulators first and second ramp angles being an acute angle measured from the first cylindrical portion outer surface, wherein a height of one turbulator of the first plurality of turbulators is based on a height of the cooling passage, and an axial spacing of the first plurality of turbulators is based on both the height and a streamwise length of the cooling passage; each of the second plurality of turbulators have a first side extending from the outer surface of the conical portion at a first ramp angle, a second side extending from the outer surface of the conical portion at a second ramp angle, a height, and a base width, each of the second plurality of turbulators first and second ramp angles being an acute angle measured from the conical portion outer surface. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1 further comprising a sealing mechanism located along an outer surface of the second cylindrical portion. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of turbulators have a generally triangular cross section. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1 further comprising a base fillet radius between each of the first plurality of turbulators first and second sides and the outer surface of the first cylindrical portion. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein the base width of the first plurality of turbulators is approximately 1-3 times the height of the first plurality of turbulators. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein the first and second plurality of turbulators are integral with the generally annular body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The combustion liner of claim 4 further comprising a full round radius at a tip region of the first plurality of turbulators, the full round radius being tangential to the first side base fillet radius where the full round radius meets the first side base fillet radius, and the full round radius being tangential to the second side base fillet radius where the full round radius meets the second side base fillet radius. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of turbulators have an axial spacing of approximately 10-20 times the height of the first plurality of turbulators. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second plurality of turbulators are axisymmetric. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The combustion liner of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of turbulators first ramp angle and the second ramp angle are approximately 30-45 degrees. ### Claim 11 A heat transfer mechanism for a gas turbine component, the heat transfer mechanism comprising: a body having a first cylindrical portion, a conical portion, and a second cylindrical portion; an inlet proximate the first cylindrical portion and an outlet proximate the second cylindrical portion; a cooling passage formed around each of the first cylindrical portion, and the second cylindrical portion; a first plurality of discrete turbulators located along an outer surface of the first cylindrical portion, each of the first plurality of turbulators having a uniform profile and being a band which extends entirely about a circumference of the first cylindrical portion; a second plurality of discrete turbulators located along an outer surface of the conical portion, each of the second plurality of turbulators having a uniform profile and being a band which extends entirely about a circumference of the conical portion; wherein a height of one turbulator of the second plurality of turbulators is based on a height of the cooling passage, and an axial spacing of the first plurality of turbulators is based on both the height and a streamwise length of the cooling passage. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The heat transfer mechanism of claim 11, wherein each of the second plurality of turbulators has a generally triangular cross section. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The heat transfer mechanism of claim 12, wherein each of the second plurality of turbulators is axisymmetric. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The heat transfer mechanism of claim 11, wherein each of the second plurality of turbulators has an axial spacing of approximately 10-20 times the height. ### Claim 15 A method of providing a heat transfer mechanism comprising: providing a body having a surface for the heat transfer mechanism, the body comprising a first cylindrical portion, a conical portion, a second cylindrical portion, and a cooling passage formed around the first cylindrical portion; and forming the heat transfer mechanism in the surface of the first cylindrical portion and the conical portion, where the heat transfer mechanism comprises a plurality of discrete turbulators, the plurality of turbulators each comprising: a band having a uniform profile extending entirely about a circumference of the body; a first side with a first ramp angle measured from the surface; a second side with a second ramp angle measured from the surface; the first side connected to the second side at a peak, the peak having a height and a full round tip radius; and a base having a base width; wherein a height of one of the plurality of turbulators is based on a height of the cooling passage, and an axial spacing of the plurality of turbulators is based on both the height and a streamwise length of the cooling passage. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15 further comprising a base fillet radius between the first and second sides and the surface of the body. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of turbulators are machined into the surface of the body. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of turbulators are cast to the surface of the body. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the first ramp angle and the second ramp angle are each 30-45 degrees and the base is approximately 1-3 times the height.