# US 11,306,673 B1 · Transient soot model system and control process

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- Number: US 11,306,673 B1
- Document ID: US11306673B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 17/318,100
- Filed: 2021-05-12
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2021-05-12
- Assignees: FEV North America, Inc.
- Applicants: FEV North America, Inc.
- Inventors: Mufaddel Z. Dahodwala; Satyum Joshi; Erik Koehler; Michael Franke
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11306673B1

## CPC

- F02D 41/1466: {the characteristics being a soot concentration or content}
- F02D 41/1467: {with determination means using an estimation}
- F02D 41/045: {Detection of accelerating or decelerating state (detection thereof in general G01P)}
- F02D 41/10: for acceleration
- F02D 41/1401: {characterised by the control or regulation method (F02D41/1473, F02D41/1477 take precedence)}
- F02D 41/1454: {the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio}
- F02D 41/18: by measuring intake air flow
- F02D 41/28: Interface circuits
- F02D 2041/1433: {using a model or simulation of the system}
- F02D 2041/286: {comprising means for signal processing}
- F02D 2200/0602: Fuel pressure
- F02D 2200/1002: Output torque
- F02D 2200/101: Engine speed
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)

## Abstract

A soot control system for an internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders. A plurality of engine operating condition sensors are provided. An electronic control unit (ECU) with one or more processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, includes a Gaussian process model. The ECU is configured to receive data from the plurality of engine operating condition sensors. The ECU is configured to calculate a soot parameter of an actual air fuel ratio and calculate a soot parameter of a desired air fuel ratio using the Gaussian process model with the engine operating condition data as input to the Gaussian process model and compare the soot parameter of an actual air fuel ratio and a soot parameter of a desired air fuel ratio to generate a soot offset value.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A soot control system for an internal combustion engine comprising:
an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders;
a plurality of engine operating condition sensors configured to sense engine operating conditions of the internal combustion engine;
an electronic control unit (ECU) with one or more processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising a Gaussian process model, the ECU configured to receive engine operating condition data from the plurality of engine operating condition sensors sensing engine operating conditions of the internal combustion engine;
wherein the ECU is configured to calculate a soot parameter of an actual air fuel ratio and calculate a soot parameter of a desired air fuel ratio using the Gaussian process model with the engine operating condition data as input to the Gaussian process model, compare the soot parameter of an actual air fuel ratio and a soot parameter of a desired air fuel ratio to generate a soot offset value, the generated soot offset value is used to control a soot emission of the internal combustion engine during a transient operation.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The soot control system of claim 1, wherein the engine operating conditions include engine speed, engine torque, air flow rate, fuel flow rate, rail pressure, and start of ignition (SOI).

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The soot control system of claim 2, wherein the engine operating conditions of the desired air fuel ratio of air flow rate, fuel flow rate, rail pressure, and start of ignition (SOI) are provided in a map embodied in the ECU.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The soot control system of claim 2, wherein the engine operating conditions of the actual air fuel ratio of air flow rate and fuel flow rate are a measured air flow rate and a commanded fuel flow rate from the ECU and the rail pressure, and start of ignition (SOI) are provided in a map embodied in the ECU.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The soot control system of claim 1, further including in the ECU an aggressiveness factor calculated from a delta speed determination, a delta torque determination and an inertia factor of an engine turbocharger, the aggressiveness factor applied to the soot offset value.

### Claim 6

A method for controlling soot of an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
operating an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine having a plurality of engine operating condition sensors configured to sense engine operating conditions, and an electronic control unit (ECU) with one or more processors and a non transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising a Gaussian process model, the ECU configured to receive engine operating condition data from the plurality of engine operating condition sensors sensing engine operating conditions of the internal combustion engine;
calculating an actual air fuel ratio;
providing the actual air fuel ratio, engine speed, engine torque, rail pressure and SOI to the Gaussian process model and calculating a soot model output based on the actual air fuel ratio;
calculating a desired air fuel ratio;
providing the desired air fuel ratio, engine speed, engine torque, rail pressure and SOI to the Gaussian process model and calculating a soot model output based on the desired air fuel ratio;
determining a soot offset value based upon a difference between the soot model output based on the desired air fuel ratio and the soot model output based on the actual air fuel ratio; and
controlling a soot emission of the internal combustion engine during a transient operation based on the determined soot offset value.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method for controlling soot of claim 6 wherein the engine operating conditions of the desired air fuel ratio of air flow rate, fuel flow rate, rail pressure, and start of ignition (SOI) are provided in a map embodied in the ECU.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method for controlling soot of claim 6, wherein the engine operating conditions of the actual air fuel ratio of air flow rate and fuel flow rate are a measured air flow rate and a commanded fuel flow rate from the ECU and the rail pressure, and start of ignition (SOI) are provided in a map embodied in the ECU.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The method for controlling soot of claim 6 further including applying to the soot offset value an aggressiveness factor calculated from a delta speed determination, a delta torque determination and an inertia factor of an engine turbocharger.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The method for controlling soot of claim 6 wherein when a value for the speed delta is 200 rpm which results in a multiplier of 2 for the aggressiveness factor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 6)

The method for controlling soot of claim 6 wherein when a value for the torque delta is 100 Nm which results in a multiplier of 1.5 for the aggressiveness factor.