# US 11,306,406 B2 · Electrochemical processing of materials, methods and production > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,306,406 B2 - Document ID: US11306406B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/028,926 - Filed: 2018-07-06 - Published: 2018-11-01 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2013-02-12 - Assignees: Case Western Reserve University - Applicants: Case Western Reserve University - Inventors: Ozan Akkus; Vipuil Kishore; Mousa Younesi; Anowarul Islam - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11306406B2 ## CPC - C25D 1/18: of organic material - D01D 5/00: Formation of filaments, threads, or the like - A61L 26/0033: {Collagen} - A61L 27/24: Collagen - A61L 27/26: Mixtures of macromolecular compounds - B05D 1/18: performed by dipping - D01D 5/0076: {characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid (D01D5/0046 takes precedence)} - D01F 4/00: Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof - C07K 14/78: Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin or cold insoluble globulin [CIG] - C25D: PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR - D01D: MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS - A61L: METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES (preservation of bodies or disinfecting characterised by the agents employed A01N; preserving, e.g. sterilising, food or foodstuffs A23; preparations for medical, dental or toiletry purposes A61K) - B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02) - D01F: CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS - C07K: PEPTIDES (peptides in foodstuffs A23; obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs, working-up proteins for foodstuffs A23J; preparations for medicinal purposes A61K; peptides containing beta-lactam rings C07D; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, C07D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type C07D519/02; macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units in their molecules, i.e. when the preparation does not provide for a specific; but for a random sequence of the amino acid units, homopolyamides and block copolyamides derived from amino acids C08G69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins C08H1/00; preparation of glue or gelatine C09H; single cell proteins, enzymes C12N; genetic engineering processes for obtaining peptides C12N15/00; compositions for measuring or testing processes involving enzymes C12Q; investigation or analysis of biological material G01N33/00) ## Abstract Electrochemically aligned and compacted molecules, nanoparticles and microparticles with ampholytic nature, such as collagen, elastin, keratin and charged nanoparticle materials, methods of making and using the materials and associated production-related devices. In one embodiment, a device for producing continuous electrochemically aligned strands, threads or fibers is disclosed. In a further embodiment, fabrication of compositionally and geometrically complex anatomical forms by 3D-electrochemical compaction of biomolecules is disclosed. In yet another embodiment, methods for fabricating patterned lattice structures, in particular having controlled pore size and morphology, and the lattice structures themselves are also disclosed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for producing a sheet having a patterned structure by 2D compaction of collagen with a device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, comprising the steps of: placing a patterned form on the first electrode, wherein the patterned form is planar; supplying an aqueous solution comprising the collagen and water to a portion of the patterned form; positioning the second electrode such that the patterned form and the aqueous solution are located between the first electrode and the second electrode; applying an electric current across the first electrode and the second electrode and electrochemically compacting the collagen utilizing the device and creating the sheet having the patterned structure from the aqueous solution located on the patterned form, the sheet comprising the collagen; and separating the sheet having the patterned structure from the patterned form. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further including a step of machining a pattern on a layer of material in order to produce the patterned form. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, further including a step of connecting the layer of material to one of the electrodes prior to the machining step. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein the machined patterned form has a lattice structure. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further including a step of stretching the patterned structure to induce a desired surface anisotropy. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the patterned form includes a solid perimeter and at least one aperture that extends through the form between a first side to a second side and is adapted to accept the aqueous solution, wherein the first side is adjacent to the first electrode and wherein the second side is adjacent the second electrode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method according to claim 6, wherein the patterned form includes a plurality of apertures between the first side and the second side. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further including a step of stretching the sheet in an amount up to 75% of its original dimension in length or width, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further including a step of seeding the sheet with cells. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, further including a step of crosslinking at least a portion of the sheet. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, wherein the crosslinking comprises one or more of UV crosslinking, temperature crosslinking, and chemical crosslinking.