# US 11,305,884 B2 · Electric power and data communications within a fuel tank and across a wall of the fuel tank using resistive non-metallic wire and an optical hybrid fuel height sensor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,305,884 B2 - Document ID: US11305884B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/670,257 - Filed: 2019-10-31 - Published: 2020-09-24 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2019-03-19 - Assignees: The Boeing Company - Applicants: The Boeing Company - Inventors: Andrew M. Robb; John Everett Groat - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11305884B2 ## CPC - B64D 37/00: Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant (refuelling during flight B64D39/00) - B64D 37/32: Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions - B64D 37/02: Tanks (tanks constructed integrally with aircraft wings B64C3/34) - G01F 22/00: Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for - G01F 23/266: {measuring circuits therefor} - G01F 23/268: {mounting arrangements of probes} - G01F 23/80: Arrangements for signal processing - B64D: EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT - G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME ## Abstract A system for power and data communications within a fuel tank and across a wall of the fuel tank includes an optical hybrid fuel height sensor and a sealed connector extending through a wall of the fuel tank. The system also includes an electric power connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed connector. The electric power connection includes a resistive non-metallic wire. The system also includes a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank. The system further includes an internal data communications connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector. The internal data communications connection includes an optical signal out connection. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system, comprising: an optical hybrid fuel height sensor; a sealed connector extending through a wall of a fuel tank; an electric power connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed connector, wherein the electric power connection comprises a resistive non-metallic wire, wherein the resistive non-metallic wire comprises a resistance between about 100 ohms/meter and about 1 Mohms/meter; a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank; and an internal data communications connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector, the internal data communications connection comprising an optical signal out connection. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the resistive non-metallic wire comprises a carbon loaded thermoplastic. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the resistive non-metallic wire comprises a carbon loaded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optical hybrid fuel height sensor comprises an optical transmitter configured to convert fuel height electrical signals to fuel height optical signals. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the internal data communications connection comprises an optical fiber that couples the optical transmitter and the sealed optical connector. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the sealed optical connector comprises an optical connector disposed within the sealed connector and the optical connector connects the internal data communications connection to an external data communications connection. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the sealed optical connector comprises a dedicated sealed optical connector that is separate from the sealed connector and connects the internal data communications connection to an external data communications connection. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the sealed optical connector comprises an optical fiber that extends intact through the wall of the fuel tank and between the optical transmitter and an optical data converter, or a data concentrator, outside the fuel tank. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising an external data communications connection outside the fuel tank between the sealed optical connector and a device of a core computer system (CCS). ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the external data communications connection comprises an optical data converter connected between the sealed optical connector and the CCS, the optical data converter being configured to convert optical signals to electrical signals for transmission on a conductive metal wire to the CCS. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the external data communications connection comprises a data concentrator connected between the sealed optical connector and the CCS, the data concentrator being configured to read a multitude of fiber optic signals and transmit a single stream of data to the CCS. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the electric power connection comprises a two-wire electric power connection. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the electric power connection comprises a one-wire electric power connection and a current return through a local ground connection of the optical hybrid fuel height sensor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optical hybrid fuel height sensor comprises a fuel height probe and the fuel height probe comprises a local electric ground connection. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optical hybrid fuel height sensor comprises a floating fuel height probe without an electric ground connection. ### Claim 16 A vehicle, comprising: a fuel tank; and a power and data communications system within the fuel tank, the power and data communications system comprising: an optical hybrid fuel height sensor; a sealed connector extending through a wall of the fuel tank; an electric power connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed connector, wherein the electric power connection comprises a resistive non-metallic wire; a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank; an internal data communications connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector, the internal data communications connection comprising an optical signal out connection; and an external data communications connection outside the fuel tank between the sealed optical connector and a device configured to calculate a volume of fuel in the fuel tank, wherein the external data communications connection comprises an optical data converter or a data concentrator connected between the sealed optical connector and the device. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The vehicle of claim 16, wherein the optical hybrid fuel height sensor comprises an optical transmitter configured to convert fuel height electrical signals to fuel height optical signals and the internal data communications connection comprises an optical fiber that couples the optical transmitter and the sealed optical connector. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The vehicle of claim 17, wherein the sealed connector comprises the sealed optical connector that connects the internal data communications connection to an external data communications connection. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17, wherein the sealed optical connector comprises a dedicated sealed optical connector that is separate from the sealed connector and connects the internal data communications connection to an external data communications connection. ### Claim 20 A method, comprising: inserting one or more optical hybrid fuel height sensors in a fuel tank; providing an electric power connection between each optical hybrid fuel height sensor and a sealed connector extending through a wall of the fuel tank; providing a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank; and providing an internal data communications connection between each optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector, the internal data communications connection comprising an optical signal out connection; and providing an external data communications connection outside the fuel tank between the sealed optical connector and a device configured to calculate a volume of fuel in the fuel tank, wherein the external data communications connection comprises an optical data converter or a data concentrator connected between the sealed optical connector and the device. ### Claim 21 A data concentrator, comprising an interface configured to receive data from a system for electric power and data communications within a fuel tank and across a wall of the fuel tank, the system comprises: an optical hybrid fuel height sensor; a sealed connector extending through the wall of a fuel tank; an electric power connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed connector, wherein the electric power connection comprises a resistive non-metallic wire; a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank; and an internal data communications connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector, the internal data communications connection comprising an optical signal out connection. ### Claim 22 A system, comprising: an optical hybrid fuel height sensor; a sealed connector extending through a wall of a fuel tank; an electric power connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed connector, wherein the electric power connection comprises a resistive non-metallic wire; a sealed optical connector extending through the wall of the fuel tank; an internal data communications connection between the optical hybrid fuel height sensor and the sealed optical connector, the internal data communications connection comprising an optical signal out connection; and an external data communications connection outside the fuel tank between the sealed optical connector and a device configured to determine at least a quantity of fuel in the fuel tank, wherein the external data communications connection comprises an optical data converter or a data concentrator connected between the sealed optical connector and the device.