# US 11,305,078 B2 · Ventilator

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- Number: US 11,305,078 B2
- Document ID: US11305078B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/426,275
- Filed: 2019-05-30
- Published: 2019-09-12
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-04-03
- Assignees: Invent Medical Corporation
- Applicants: Invent Medical Corporation
- Inventors: Samuel M. Chang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11305078B2

## CPC

- A61M 16/0066: {Blowers or centrifugal pumps}
- A61M 16/0051: {with alarm devices}
- A61M 16/0057: {Pumps therefor}
- A61M 16/026: {specially adapted for predicting, e.g. for determining an information representative of a flow limitation during a ventilation cycle by using a root square technique or a regression analysis}
- A61M 16/1005: {with O2 features or with parameter measurement}
- A61M 16/12: by mixing different gases
- A61M 16/202: {electrically actuated}
- A61M 16/204: {used for inhalation control}
- A61M 16/205: {used for exhalation control}
- A61M 16/1055: {bacterial}
- A61M 16/208: {Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves}
- A61M 2016/0027: {pressure meter}
- A61M 2016/0036: {in the breathing tube and used in both inspiratory and expiratory phase}
- A61M 2016/0039: {in the inspiratory circuit}
- A61M 2016/1025: {the O2 concentration}
- A61M 2202/0208: Oxygen
- A61M 2202/0241: Anaesthetics; Analgesics
- A61M 2202/0266: Nitrogen (N)
- A61M 2202/0291: Xenon
- A61M 2205/3331: Pressure; Flow
- A61M 2205/3355: Controlling downstream pump pressure
- A61M 2205/50: with microprocessors or computers
- A61M 2205/7518: bacterial
- A61M 2230/04: Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
- A61M 2230/06: Heartbeat rate only
- A61M 2230/10: Electroencephalographic signals
- A61M 2230/205: partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
- A61M 2230/30: Blood pressure (A61M2230/04 takes precedence)
- A61M 2230/432: partial CO2 pressure (P-CO2)
- A61M 2230/50: Temperature
- A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)}

## Abstract

This invention provides ventilators that provide superior air-oxygen mixing and gas delivery. The ventilators that supply a gas mixture to the lungs of a subject. The gas mixture comprises a first gas (e.g. oxygen) and a second gas (e.g. ambient air). The ventilators comprise a first gas inlet, a second gas inlet, flow modulator of the first gas, a flow modulator of the second gas, a junction configured to mix the first gas and the second gas, a patient interface configured to deliver the gas mixture to a subject, a pressure sensor, a plurality of flow sensors comprising at least a first flow sensor and a second flow sensor, and at least one controller configured for obtaining data from the pressure sensor and flow sensors and controlling the flow modulators to provide a gas mixture having a target pressure and a target oxygen content.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A ventilator system comprising:
an air inlet connected to a first gas line;
an oxygen inlet connected to a second gas line;
a mixing chamber connected to both the first gas line and the second gas line;
an air pump and an air flow sensor both connected to the first gas line downstream of the air inlet and upstream of the mixing chamber;
an oxygen control valve and an oxygen flow sensor both connected to the second gas line upstream of the mixing chamber and downstream of the oxygen inlet;
a mixed gas pressure sensor and a mixed gas flow sensor both connected to a third gas line downstream of the mixing chamber and upstream of a patient interface;
a mixing chamber pressure sensor connected to the mixing chamber;
a controller operably connected to the air pump and the oxygen control valve, and further configured to receive measurement signals from the air flow sensor, the oxygen flow sensor, the mixed gas flow sensor, the mixed gas pressure sensor and the mixing chamber pressure sensor, and to implement a cascaded feedback loop that commands a flow target of a mixture of oxygen to air to achieve a target pressure, wherein the cascaded feedback loop comprises an outer pressure feedback loop and dual inner feedback loops, comprising an oxygen flow control feedback loop and an air flow control feedback loop, wherein the outer pressure feedback loop comprises the controller; and wherein the controlled is further configured to:
obtain a target pressure,
obtain a target oxygen content,
obtain a pressure reading from the mixed gas pressure sensor (the pressure feedback),
compare the pressure feedback to the target pressure,
determine a pressure error based on the comparison of the pressure feedback and the target pressure,
based on the pressure error, correct the mixed gas flow command
determine a target air flow command and a target oxygen flow command based on the pressure error,
control the air pump based on the target air flow command, and
control oxygen control valve based on the target oxygen flow command;
and wherein the oxygen flow control feedback loop comprises the controller:
obtain a target oxygen flow,
determine an oxygen flow command based on the target oxygen flow,
command the oxygen control valve with the oxygen flow command
determine actual oxygen flow in the second line by obtaining an oxygen flow reading from the oxygen flow,
compare the actual oxygen flow to the target oxygen flow,
determine an oxygen flow error based on the comparison of the actual oxygen flow feedback and the target oxygen flow,
based on the oxygen flow error, and
correct the oxygen flow command based on the oxygen flow error; and
and wherein the air flow control feedback loop comprises the controller:
obtain a target air flow,
provide an air flow command based on the target air flow,
command the air pump with the air flow command;
determine actual air flow in the first gas line by obtaining an air flow reading from the air flow sensor;
compare the actual air flow feedback to the target air flow;
determine an air flow error based on the comparison of the actual air flow and the target air flow, and
correct the air flow command based on the air flow error.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein an exhalation valve is connected to the third gas line downstream of the mixing chamber and upstream of the patient interface.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The ventilator system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the exhalation valve based on a measurement signal received from the mixed gas pressure sensor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The ventilator system of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to identify an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase based on the measurement signal, and the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the exhalation valve so that it closes the exhalation valve during an inhalation phase, and opens the exhalation valve during an exhalation phase.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein the target pressure is manually set by a user.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein the pressure error is used to modulate a control signal of at least one of the pump and the oxygen control valve.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
a bacteria filter positioned in the third gas line downstream of the mixing chamber and upstream of the patient interface.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
a pressure regulator connected to the second gas line between the oxygen inlet and the junction.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
a high pressure oxygen source connected to the oxygen inlet.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
a low pressure air source connected to the air inlet.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein the pump is a low pressure variable speed blower.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein the pump is configured to pressurize downstream gas to a pressure of no more than 140 millibar (mbar).

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1, wherein the pump is configured to pressurize downstream gas to a pressure of no more than 70 millibar (mbar).

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
a mixed gas control valve connected to the third gas line downstream of the mixing chamber and upstream of the patient interface.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The ventilator system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the mixed gas control valve based on measurement signals received from at least one of the mixing chamber pressure sensor and the mixed gas pressure sensor.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
an oxygen sensor connected to the mixing chamber, wherein the controller is configured to receive oxygen concentration measurement signals from the oxygen sensor.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The ventilator system of claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the oxygen control valve based on the received oxygen concentration measurement signals.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The ventilator system of claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the pump based on the received oxygen concentration measurement signals.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The ventilator system of claim 1 further comprising:
an air flow control valve connected to the first gas line upstream of the air flow sensor and downstream of the air pump, wherein the air flow control valve is operably connected to the controller.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The ventilator system of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the air flow control valve based on measurement signals received from the oxygen flow sensor and the mixed gas pressure sensor.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

The ventilator system of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the air flow control valve based on measurement signals received from the oxygen flow sensor, the air flow sensor and the mixed gas flow sensor.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

The ventilator system of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to modulate a control signal for the air flow control valve based on measurement signals received from the oxygen flow sensor, the air flow sensor and an oxygen sensor connected to the mixing chamber.