# US 11,304,661 B2 · Enhanced imaging devices, and image construction methods and processes employing hermetic transforms

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- Number: US 11,304,661 B2
- Document ID: US11304661B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/921,893
- Filed: 2015-10-23
- Published: 2016-06-30
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2014-10-23
- Assignees: VertoCOMM, Inc.
- Applicants: VertoCOMM, Inc.
- Inventors: Harvey C. Woodsum; Christopher M. Woodsum
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11304661B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/7253: {characterised by using transforms}
- A61B 5/055: involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
- G06T 12/10: Image preprocessing, e.g. calibration, positioning of sources or scatter correction
- G06V 10/431: {Frequency domain transformation; Autocorrelation}
- A61B 5/7225: {Details of analogue processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation (input circuits for detecting, measuring, or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/30; specific diagnostic methods using bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/316)}
- A61B 6/032: {Transmission computed tomography [CT]}
- A61B 6/483: {involving scattered radiation}
- A61B 6/5205: {involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data}
- G06T 2211/421: Filtered back projection [FBP]
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING

## Abstract

In an exemplary embodiment, a tomography device comprises a scanner that obtains image slices. The device additionally comprises at least one processor configured to: perform a Hermetic Transform on the image slices to obtain hermetically transformed data using; filter and perform an Inverse Hermetic Transform on the Hermetic Transform data to obtain filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data; and perform back projection and angle integration on the filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A tomography device comprising:
a scanner that obtains at least one image slice of an object, the at least one image slice comprising oversampled image data; and
at least one processor configured to:
perform Hermetic Transform Tomography comprising calculating a robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one image slice to obtain hermetically transformed data, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]; (c)
filter and perform an inverse operation comprising a pseudo-inverse of a robust Inverse Hermetic Transform using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition on the Hermetic Transform data to obtain filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data; and
perform back projection and angle integration on the filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data to produce a three-dimensional image of the object.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the scanner obtains the at least one image slice through at least one of X-Ray imaging, radioactive emission imaging, Positron Emission imaging, sonic imaging, ultrasonic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nuclear Quadropole Imaging, or Electron Paramagnetic Imaging.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the scanner obtains the at least one image slice through at least one of measuring attenuation of radiation, measuring time of flight radiation, or measuring forward scatter diffraction.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the robust Hermetic Transform is orthogonal in a minimum-norm or a least-squares sense to a vector of noise samples.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the robust Hermetic Transform is determined based on a plurality of noisy references.

### Claim 6

A method of obtaining a tomographic image comprising:
obtaining at least one image slice of an object, the at least one image slice comprising oversampled image data;
performing Hermetic Transform Tomography comprising calculating a robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one image slice to obtain hermetically transformed data, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]; (c)
filtering and performing an inverse operation comprising a pseudo-inverse of a robust Inverse Hermetic Transform using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition on the Hermetic Transform data to obtain filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data; and
performing back projection and angle integration on the filtered inverse Hermetic Transform data to produce a three-dimensional image of the object.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining the at least one image slice comprises using at least one of X-Ray imaging, radioactive emission imaging, Positron Emission imaging, sonic imaging, ultrasonic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nuclear Quadropole Imaging, or Electron Paramagnetic Imaging.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining the at least one image slice comprises at least one of measuring attenuation of radiation, measuring time of flight radiation, or measuring forward scatter diffraction.

### Claim 9

A measuring device comprising:
a scanner that obtains at least one signal parameter, the at least one signal parameter comprising oversampled signal data; and
at least one processor configured to perform a robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameter to obtain a measurement associated with the signal parameter, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]. (c)

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises frequency data; and
the at least one processor is further configured to determine a position of an object using the robust Hermetic Transform of the signal parameters.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises time data; and
the at least one processor is further configured to perform Hermetic Matched Filtering to locate echoes.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform motion compensation by tracking phases using the robust Hermetic Transform of the signal parameters.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises spatial data;
the scanner further comprises an RF array; and
the at least one processor is further configured to perform Hermetic Transform antenna beam forming on the RF array.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein obtaining the at least one signal parameter using scanner comprises at least one of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MIR), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPRI), or Nuclear Quadrapole resonance (NQPRI).

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one signal parameter comprise at least one of signal location in frequency, signal location in space, signal location in time, tracking of phase variations, or tracking of decay time.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one signal parameter comprises a complex frequency comprising a real frequency part and an imaginary frequency part, the imaginary frequency part corresponding to a signal decay constant; and
the at least one processor is further configured to obtain signal decay constants using the robust Hermetic Transform to determine a material composition of the object from the signal decay constants.

### Claim 17

A method of measuring signal parameters comprising:
obtaining at least one signal parameter, the at least one signal parameter comprising oversampled signal data; and
performing a robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameter to obtain a measurement associated with the signal parameter, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]. (c)

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises frequency data; and
performing the robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameter comprises determining a position of an object.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises time data; and
performing the robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameter comprises performing Hermetic Matched Filtering to locate echoes.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, further comprising tracking phases to perform motion compensation.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein
the at least one signal parameter comprises spatial data; and
performing the robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameters comprises beam forming an RF array.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein obtaining the at least one signal parameter comprises at least one of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MIR), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPRI), or Nuclear Quadrapole resonance (NQPRI).

### Claim 23 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one signal parameter comprise at least one of signal location in frequency, signal location in space, signal location in time, tracking of phase variations, or tracking of decay time.

### Claim 24 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein:
the at least one signal parameter comprises a complex frequency comprising a real frequency part and an imaginary frequency part, the imaginary frequency part corresponding to a signal decay constant; and
performing the robust Hermetic Transform on the at least one signal parameter comprises obtaining signal decay constants to determine a material composition of the object from the signal decay constants, wherein the robust Hermetic Transform is generated using a basis set comprised on exponentially decaying complex sinusoidal signals.

### Claim 25

An ultrasonic imaging device comprising:
an ultrasonic array and beam-former that transmits an ultrasonic signal;
an ultrasonic receiving array that receives ultrasonic echoes, the ultrasonic receiving array generating oversampled signal data based on the ultrasonic echoes; and
at least one processor configured to perform a robust Hermetic Transform on the echoes to produce an image, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]. (c)

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The device of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor performs Hermetic Matched Filtering to obtain a propagation delay measurement.

### Claim 27 (depends on 25)

The device of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor performs the robust Hermetic Transform as a frequency analysis to obtain Doppler frequency shift measurements.

### Claim 28 (depends on 25)

The device of claim 25, wherein the transmitting and receiving arrays are not co-located.

### Claim 29 (depends on 25)

The device of claim 25, further comprising a filter that transmits pulsed signals to enhance specific resonance modes to enhance image resolution of object characteristics.

### Claim 30

A method of ultrasonic imaging comprising:
transmitting an ultrasonic signal;
receiving ultrasonic echoes, wherein receiving the ultrasonic echoes comprises generating oversampled signal data based on the ultrasonic echoes; and
performing a robust Hermetic Transform on the echoes to produce an image, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]. (c)

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising performing Hermetic Matched Filtering to obtain a propagation delay measurement.

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising performing the robust Hermetic Transform as a frequency analysis to obtain Doppler frequency shift measurements.

### Claim 33 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising transmitting pulsed signals to enhance specific resonance modes to enhance image resolution of object characteristics.

### Claim 34 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising performing tomographic imaging through at least one of absorption, diffraction, or time of flight.

### Claim 35 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising performing at least one of for tissue heating, ultrasonic neuromodulation, lithotripsy, or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.

### Claim 36

An imaging device comprising:
a scanner having a receiver array that generates oversampled image data, the receiver array being associated with a plurality of channels; and
at least one processor configured to apply Hermetic Matched Filtering based on a robust Hermetic Transform to each channel of the plurality of channels and create beams for additional spatial filtering and signal separation via a time-delay beamforming approach to produce an image, the robust Hermetic Transform comprising solutions to a Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse performed with a Singular Value Decomposition according to the following equations:
ΣHΩσ=ρ; (a)
H=ΣKΩ; and (b)
σ=[(Σ+N1)(Σ+N2) . . . ]. (c)

### Claim 37

An imaging method comprising apply a Hermetic Matched Filtering to each channel of a receiver array and creating beams for additional spatial filtering and signal separation via a time-delay beamforming approach to produce an image.