# US 11,304,646 B2 · Systems and methods for detecting atrial tachyarrhythmia using heart sounds > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,304,646 B2 - Document ID: US11304646B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/215,230 - Filed: 2018-12-10 - Published: 2019-04-11 - Granted: 2022-04-19 - Earliest claimed: 2015-10-29 - Assignees: Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. - Applicants: Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. - Inventors: Pramodsingh Hirasingh Thakur; Bin Mi; Howard D. Simms, Jr.; Qi An; John D. Hatlestad; Keith R. Maile - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11304646B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/363: Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia - A61B 5/0205: Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition - A61B 5/02405: {Determining heart rate variability} - A61B 5/0245: by using sensing means generating electric signals, {i.e. ECG signals} - A61B 5/353: Detecting P-waves - A61B 5/361: Detecting fibrillation - A61B 5/4836: {Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods (A61B5/0036 takes precedence)} - A61B 5/7275: {Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor} - A61B 7/02: Stethoscopes - A61B 7/04: Electric stethoscopes - A61B 5/1116: {Determining posture transitions} - A61B 5/1118: {Determining activity level} - A61B 5/686: {Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips (A61B5/6861 takes precedence)} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract Systems and methods for detecting atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT) such as atrial fibrillation (AF) are disclosed. A medical system can include a cardiac signal sensor circuit to sense a cardiac electrical signal and a heart sound (HS) sensor to sense heart a HS signal A cardiac electrical signal metric, including a cycle length variability or a detection of atrial electrical activity, can be generated from the cardiac electrical signal A HS metric can be generated from the HS signal, including a status of detection of S4 heart sound or a S4 heart sound intensity indicator. The system can include an AT detector circuit that can detect an AT event, such as an AF event, using the cardiac electrical signal metric and the HS metric. The system can additionally classify the detected AT event as an AF or an atrial flutter event. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system, comprising: a first signal metric generator circuit configured to determine a first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and a second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate in a patient, and to generate a cardiac timing variation between the first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and the second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate; a second signal metric generator circuit configured to generate an S4 heart sound metric using heart sound information of the patient, the S4 heart sound metric including an indication of absence of S4 heart sound in a cardiac cycle; and an atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) detector circuit configured to detect an AT event of the patient using the generated cardiac timing variation and the S4 heart sound metric. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate includes a first ventricular cycle length or a first ventricular heart rate, and the second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate includes a second ventricular cycle length or a second ventricular heart rate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the cardiac timing variation includes a beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference or a beat-to-beat ventricular heart rate difference. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the AT detector circuit is configured to detect an AT event in response to (1) the generated cardiac timing variation satisfying a first condition, and (2) an indication of absence of S4 heart sound. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the second signal metric generator circuit is configured to generate an S4 morphology matching score with reference to an S4 template, and to determine a presence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score exceeds an S4 metric threshold, or an absence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score falls below the S4 metric threshold. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the generated cardiac timing variation includes a beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference over multiple cardiac cycles, and wherein the AT detector circuit is configured to detect an AT event in response to (1) the beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference exceeding a cycle length difference threshold, and (2) an indication of absence of S4 heart sound. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the AT detector circuit is configured to: determine, over a plurality of cardiac cycles: (1) a first relative number of cardiac cycles with respective beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length differences exceeding a cycle length difference threshold, and (2) a second relative number of cardiac cycles with respective S4 heart sound metrics exceeding an S4 metric threshold; and detect the AT event using the first and second relative numbers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The system of claim 7, wherein the AT detector circuit is configured to detect the AT event using a relative difference between the first relative number and the second relative number. ### Claim 9 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, comprising a beat selector circuit configured to select, from a plurality of cardiac cycles, a subset of cardiac cycles with respective indications of absence of S4 heart sound therewithin, and wherein: the signal metric generator circuit is configured to compute a beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference using the selected subset of the cardiac cycles; and the AT detector circuit is configured to detect the AT event in response to the computed beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference exceeding a threshold. ### Claim 10 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, comprising a beat selector circuit configured to select, from a plurality of cardiac cycles, a subset of cardiac cycles with respective beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length differences exceeding a cycle length difference threshold, wherein: the second signal metric generator circuit is configured to generate an indication of presence or absence of S4 heart sound within the selected subset of the cardiac cycles; and the AT detector circuit is configured to detect the AT event in response to an indication of absence of S4 heart sound within the selected subset of the cardiac cycles. ### Claim 11 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the AT detector circuit is configured to determine a cycle length difference threshold using the determined S4 heart sound metric, and to detect the AT event if the beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference exceeds the determined cycle length difference threshold. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, comprising an arrhythmia classifier circuit configured to classify the detected AT event as an atrial fibrillation event or an atrial flutter event using the generated cardiac timing variation and the generated S4 heart sound metric. ### Claim 13 A method, comprising: determining, using a first signal metric generator circuit, a first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and a second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate in a patient; generating, using the first signal generator circuit, a cardiac timing variation between the first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and the second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate; generating, using a second signal metric generating circuit, an S4 heart sound metric using heart sound information of the patient, the S4 heart sound metric including an indication of absence of S4 heart sound in a cardiac cycle; and detecting, using an atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) detector circuit, an AT event of the patient using the generated cardiac timing variation and the S4 heart sound metric. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate includes a first ventricular cycle length or a first ventricular heart rate, and the second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate includes a second ventricular cycle length or a second ventricular heart rate. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein detecting the AT event is in response to (1) the generated cardiac timing variation satisfying a first condition, and (2) an indication of absence of S4 heart sound. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein generating the S4 heart sound metric includes computing an S4 morphology matching score with reference to an S4 template, and determining a presence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score exceeds an S4 metric threshold, or an absence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score falls below the S4 metric threshold. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the generated cardiac timing variation includes a beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference over multiple cardiac cycles, and wherein detecting the AT event is in response to (1) the beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference exceeding a cycle length difference threshold, and (2) an indication of absence of S4 heart sound. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, comprising: determining a cycle length difference threshold using the S4 heart sound metric; and detecting the AT event in response to a beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length difference exceeding the determined cycle length difference threshold. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, comprising: determining, over a plurality of cardiac cycles: (1) a first relative number of cardiac cycles with respective beat-to-beat ventricular cycle length differences exceeding a cycle length difference threshold, and (2) a second relative number of cardiac cycles with respective S4 heart sound metrics exceeding an S4 metric threshold; and detecting the AT event using a composite score of the first and second relative numbers. ### Claim 20 A system, comprising: a first signal metric generator circuit configured to determine a first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and a second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate in a patient, and to generate a cardiac timing variation between the first beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate and the second beat-to-beat cardiac cycle length or heart rate; a second signal metric generator circuit configured to generate an S4 morphology matching score with reference to an S4 template, and to determine a presence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score exceeds an S4 metric threshold, or an absence of S4 heart sound if the S4 morphology matching score falls below the S4 metric threshold; and an atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) detector circuit configured to detect an AT event of the patient in response to (1) the generated cardiac timing variation satisfying a first condition, and (2) the determined absence of S4 heart sound.