# US 11,298,716 B2 · Flow directing system and method for additive manufacturing system

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- Number: US 11,298,716 B2
- Document ID: US11298716B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/107,709
- Filed: 2018-08-21
- Published: 2020-02-27
- Granted: 2022-04-12
- Earliest claimed: 2018-08-21
- Assignees: General Electric Company
- Applicants: General Electric Company
- Inventors: Christian Thomas Wakelam; Rene du Cauze de Nazelle
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11298716B2

## CPC

- B29C 64/371: using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
- B05B 7/08: with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets {, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel}, to form intersecting jets {, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point}
- B05B 12/006: {Pressure or flow rate sensors}
- B05B 12/087: {Flow or presssure regulators, i.e. non-electric unitary devices comprising a sensing element, e.g. a piston or a membrane, and a controlling element, e.g. a valve}
- B05B 12/32: Shielding elements, i.e. elements preventing overspray from reaching areas other than the object to be sprayed (nozzles with integral shielding elements B05B1/28)
- B22F 10/25: Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
- B22F 10/28: Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
- B22F 10/322: of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
- B22F 12/30: Platforms or substrates
- B22F 12/38: {Housings, e.g. machine housings}
- B22F 12/70: Gas flow means
- B22F 12/90: Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
- B29C 64/124: using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C 64/153: using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
- B29C 64/245: Platforms or substrates (support structures intended to be sacrificed after manufacture B29C64/40)
- B22F 10/77: of gas
- B22F 2201/11: Argon
- B33Y 10/00: Processes of additive manufacturing
- B33Y 30/00: Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B33Y 40/00: Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- Y02P 10/25: Process efficiency
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B05B: SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES (spray-mixers with nozzles B01F25/72; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces by spraying B05D)
- B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

An additive manufacturing (AM) system includes a housing defining a chamber, a build platform disposed within the chamber, and an upper gas inlet configured to supply an upper gas flow in a first direction parallel to the build platform. The AM system includes a lower gas inlet disposed in the chamber and configured to supply a lower gas flow in a second direction toward a bottom wall of the chamber, and a flow directing system configured to receive the lower gas flow and redirect the lower gas flow in the first direction parallel to the build platform. The AM system includes one or more gas delivery devices fluidly coupled to the upper and lower gas inlets and configured to regulate one or more flow characteristics of the upper and lower gas flows and a gas outlet configured to discharge the upper and lower gas flows from the chamber.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An additive manufacturing system, comprising:
a housing defining a chamber;
a build platform disposed in a lower portion of the chamber;
an upper gas inlet disposed in a first side wall of the chamber above the build platform, wherein the upper gas inlet is configured to supply an upper gas flow in a first direction parallel to the build platform;
a lower gas inlet disposed in the chamber and configured to supply a lower gas flow in a second direction at least initially toward a bottom wall of the chamber;
a flow directing system disposed near the bottom wall and configured to receive the lower gas flow, wherein the flow directing system redirects the lower gas flow in the first direction parallel to the build platform;
one or more gas delivery devices fluidly coupled to the upper and lower gas inlets and configured to regulate one or more flow characteristics of the upper and lower gas flows; and
a gas outlet disposed in a second side wall of the chamber, wherein the gas outlet is configured to discharge the upper and lower gas flows from the chamber.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the flow directing system comprises a flow directing element comprising a curved profile that extends tangentially between a first end portion of the flow directing element and a second end portion of the flow directing element.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 2, wherein the first end portion is oriented along the second direction and the second end portion is oriented along the first direction.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the first direction extends perpendicular to the second direction.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, comprising a powder application device disposed within the chamber and configured to deposit a bed of powder onto the build platform, wherein a vertical distance between the bottom wall of the chamber and the flow directing system exceeds a height of the powder application device.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the flow directing system comprises:
a flow directing element, wherein the flow directing element is configured to rotate about an axis; and
an actuator coupled to the flow directing element; and wherein the additive manufacturing system comprises:
a controller communicatively coupled to the actuator and a sensor, wherein the controller is configured to instruct the actuator to rotate the flow directing element about the axis based on feedback provided by the sensor, and wherein the feedback is indicative of an operational parameter of the additive manufacturing system.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the lower gas inlet comprises a plurality of lower gas inlets configured to supply a plurality of lower gas flows in the second direction toward the bottom wall of the chamber, wherein the flow directing system comprises a plurality of flow directing elements each configured to receive a respective lower gas flow of the plurality of gas lower flows, and wherein each flow directing element of the plurality of flow directing elements redirects the respective lower gas flow in the first direction parallel to the build platform.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 7, wherein the one or more gas delivery devices are communicatively coupled to a controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive feedback indicative of a flow parameter of at least one lower gas flow of the plurality of lower gas flows via a corresponding sensor, and wherein the controller is configured to instruct the one or more gas delivery devices to adjust the flow parameter of the at least one lower gas flow based on the feedback, wherein the flow parameter comprises a flow velocity, a flow temperature, a flow rate, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, comprising a powder application device disposed within the housing, wherein the flow directing system is integral with the powder application device.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 9, comprising a controller operatively coupled to the powder application device, wherein the controller is configured to instruct the powder application device to deposit a bed of powder onto the build platform during successive deposition periods of the powder application device, and instruct the powder application device to transition to a resting position beneath the lower gas inlet between the successive deposition periods of the powder application device.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to instruct the one or more gas delivery devices to interrupt the supply of the upper gas flow, the lower gas flow, or both, during each deposition period of the successive deposition periods.

### Claim 12

An additive manufacturing system, comprising:
a housing defining a chamber;
a build platform disposed in the chamber;
a powder application device configured to translate relative to the build platform and deposit a bed of powder material on the build platform;
an upper gas inlet disposed in a first side wall of the chamber above the build platform, wherein the upper gas inlet is configured to supply an upper gas flow in a first direction parallel to the build platform;
a lower gas inlet in the chamber configured to supply a lower gas flow in a second direction toward the powder application device, wherein the powder application device comprises a flow directing element configured to receive the lower gas flow and redirect the lower gas flow in the first direction parallel to the build platform;
one or more gas delivery devices fluidly coupled to the upper and lower gas inlets and configured to regulate one or more flow characteristics of the upper and lower gas flows; and
a gas outlet disposed in a second side wall of the chamber, wherein the gas outlet is configured to discharge the upper and lower gas flows from the chamber.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 12, wherein the flow directing element is removably coupled to the powder application device.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 12, wherein the flow directing element is formed integrally with the powder application device.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 12, comprising a controller operatively coupled to the powder application device, wherein the controller is configured to:
instruct the powder application device to transition to a resting position between successive deposition periods of the powder application device, wherein the flow directing element is disposed beneath the lower gas inlet in the resting position; and
instruct the one or more gas delivery devices to interrupt supply of the lower gas flow during of the successive deposition periods.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 12, comprising an additional flow directing element, separate from the powder application device, disposed above the powder application device, wherein the additional flow directing element is configured to receive the lower gas flow in the second direction and direct the lower gas flow toward the flow directing element in an intermediate direction.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, further comprising
a plenum dividing wall defining an upper portion of the chamber and a lower portion of the chamber.