# US 11,298,052 B2 · Sensor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,298,052 B2 - Document ID: US11298052B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/121,364 - Filed: 2015-02-26 - Published: 2016-12-15 - Granted: 2022-04-12 - Earliest claimed: 2014-02-26 - Assignees: Medical Wireless Sensing Ltd. - Applicants: Medical Wireless Sensing Ltd - Inventors: Georgios Palikaras; Efthymios Kallos; Helena Cano Garcia - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11298052B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement} - A61B 5/0507: using microwaves or terahertz waves - A61B 5/053: Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body - A61B 5/1455: using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters - G02B 1/002: {made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials} - H01P 1/00: Auxiliary devices (coupling devices of the waveguide type H01P5/00) - H01Q 1/273: {Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals} - A61B 2090/061: {for measuring dimensions, e.g. length} - A61B 2562/14: Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue - A61B 2562/143: for coupling microwaves - A61B 2562/164: the sensor is mounted in or on a conformable substrate or carrier - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B) - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract There is provided a device arranged to couple electromagnetic radiation into or out of a biological material. The device comprises a first metamaterial comprising: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than a first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than a first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements are non-identical. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A sensor measurement device, comprising: a transmitter comprising: a first antenna configured to generate electromagnetic radiation to penetrate a biological material, the electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength between 30 micrometers and 3 centimeters; and a first anti-reflection device arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength emitted by the first antenna into the biological material, the first anti-reflection device comprising a first metamaterial comprising: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein the plurality of elements are spaced apart from one another across the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and wherein at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements differ in shape and/or size; and a receiver comprising a second antenna configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the biological material, wherein the transmitter and receiver are arranged for the biological material to be positioned in a radiation path between the first antenna and the second antenna and with the first anti-reflection device in a radiation path between the first antenna and the biological material, such that electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength can be transmitted from the first anti-reflection device into the biological material and electromagnetic radiation from the biological material can be received by the second antenna; and wherein the sensor measurement device is a self-contained unit physically associating together the transmitter and the receiver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the first dimension is the direction for propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device at least one of the elements of the plurality of elements has an irregular shape or wherein the elements of the plurality of elements have an irregular shape. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biological material is bound by a container, and wherein the first anti-reflection device is configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength into the biological material from a position outside the container. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device at least a subset of the elements are arranged in an irregular array. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the elements are arranged in an irregular array. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the substrate component is a dielectric and the elements are conductive. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 7 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the elements are metallic. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the substrate component is conductive and the elements are a dielectric. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A sensor measurement device of claim 9 wherein the substrate component is metallic. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the plurality of elements are collectively arranged to resonate at a first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first anti-reflection device further comprises a second metamaterial coupled to the first metamaterial, wherein the second metamaterial comprises: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than a second wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the second wavelength is between 30 micrometers and 3 centimeters; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than a second wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements are non-identical. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 12 wherein in the first anti-reflection device the second metamaterial is arranged, in cooperation with the first metamaterial, to resonate at a second wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 13 wherein the first wavelength is different to the second wavelength. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first anti-reflection device comprises a plurality of metallic-comprising and/or dielectric-comprising layers. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength has a frequency of 40 to 100 GHz. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the transmitter further comprises a detector arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the biological material. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an electronic calliper arranged to determine the distance between the transmitter and receiver. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an impedance analyser arranged to determine the impedance of the biological material. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an accelerometer. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising variable resistors and/or capacitors coupled to one or more of the first antenna, the second antenna, the metamaterial of the first device and the metamaterial of the second device, to provide tunability. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biological material is human or animal tissue bound by skin, and wherein the first anti-reflection device is configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength from the first antenna, through the skin and into the human or animal tissue. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the human or animal tissue is blood and the sensor is arranged to measure glucose and/or blood sugar level. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sensor is wearable. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sensor is arranged to be worn on a hand, a foot, an ear or a lip or wherein the sensor is handheld. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) A system comprising the sensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising: a wireless receiver arranged to receive data related to the biological material from the sensor measurement device; a software application operating on a device remote to the sensor, the software application arranged to process the data; and an interface arranged to display the data and/or information related to the data. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) A sensor measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises a second anti-reflection device arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength from the biological material to the second antenna, the second anti-reflection device comprising a metamaterial comprising: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than the first wavelength; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein the plurality of elements are spaced apart from one another across the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than the first wavelength and wherein at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements differ in shape and/or size. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) A method of coupling electromagnetic radiation into a biological material using a sensor measurement device according to claim 27, the method comprising: providing electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength from the first antenna; coupling, by the first anti-reflection device, electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength from the first antenna into the biological material; and coupling, by the second anti-reflection device, electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength from biological material to the second antenna. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) A sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first wavelength corresponds to a frequency of 40-100 GHz. ### Claim 30 A method of coupling electromagnetic radiation into a biological material of a human or animal using a sensor measurement device, the sensor measurement device comprising: a transmitter comprising: a first antenna configured to generate electromagnetic radiation to penetrate a biological material, the electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength between 30 micrometers and 3 centimeters; and a first anti-reflection device arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength emitted by the first antenna into the biological material, the first anti-reflection device comprising a first metamaterial comprising: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein the plurality of elements are spaced apart from one another across the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and wherein at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements differ in shape and/or size; and a receiver comprising a second antenna configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the biological material, the sensor measurement device being a single a self-contained unit physically associating together the transmitter and the receiver, the method comprising: positioning the sensor measurement device with respect to the human or animal such that the transmitter is disposed outside the human or animal, and such that the receiver is disposed outside the human or animal; providing electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength from the first antenna to the first anti-reflection device; transmitting, by the first anti-reflection device, electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength from the first antenna into the biological material; receiving, by the receiver, electromagnetic radiation from the biological material; and characterizing the biological material based on the received radiation. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) A method according to claim 30, further comprising receiving electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength from the biological material at the second antenna. ### Claim 32 A non-invasive sensor measurement device for sensing a property of a biological tissue of a human or animal, the sensor measurement device comprising: a transmitter comprising: a first antenna configured to generate electromagnetic radiation to penetrate the biological material, the electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength between 30 micrometers and 3 centimeters; and a first anti-reflection device arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength emitted by the first antenna into the biological material, the first anti-reflection device comprising a first metamaterial comprising: a substrate component having a thickness no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation; and a plurality of elements supported by the substrate component, wherein the plurality of elements are spaced apart from one another across the substrate component, wherein each element has a first dimension no greater than the first wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and wherein at least two of the elements of the plurality of elements differ in shape and/or size; and a receiver comprising a second antenna configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the biological material, wherein the transmitter and receiver are configured to be positioned outside a skin of the human or animal such that the biological material is disposed in a radiation path between the first antenna and the second antenna and with the first anti-reflection device in a radiation path between the first antenna and the biological material, such that radiation of the first wavelength can be transmitted from the first anti-reflection device into the biological material and electromagnetic radiation from the biological material can be received by the second antenna; and wherein the sensor measurement device is a self-contained wearable device or is a self-contained handheld device.