Non-invasive systems and methods to detect cortical spreading depression for the detection and assessment of brain injury and concussion

A head-mountable detection device for detecting cortical spreading depression (CSD) in a brain of an individual, comprising:

• a plurality of DC-electroencephalogram (DC-EEG) electrodes configured as a high density array of electrodes, each electrode spaced between about 0.5 cm and about 1.5 cm from one another and used to detect CSD non-invasively from a surface of scalp area of the individual, the plurality of DC-EEG electrodes configured to detect real-time DC electrical potential signals, an amplifier unit, wherein the high density array of electrodes is configured to transmit the real-time DC electrical potential signals to the amplifier unit which is configured to amplify the detected DC electrical potential signals, and a computing device comprised of a processing unit which includes one or more processors and a computer-readable memory containing programming instructions which, when executed, cause the processing unit to receive the amplified DC electrical potential signals to implement the programming instructions to produce voltage intensity map images in real time of the DC electrical potential signals and to determine that values of a first set of the DC electrical potential signals corresponding to a first portion of a brain area are depressed which represents a concussion-based CSD, compared to values of a second set of DC electrical potential signals corresponding to a second portion of a brain area which represents normal brain, wherein, in response to the determination that values of the first set are depressed, an output is generated, said output indicating that the individual is experiencing a concussion-based CSD.