Cartilage and bone repair and regeneration using postpartum-derived cells

A method of forming cartilage in a patient, said method comprising administering to said patient a matrix comprising a homogeneous population of undifferentiated umbilical cord tissue-derived cells, wherein the homogeneous population of cells is obtained from human postpartum umbilical cord substantially free of blood, and wherein said homogeneous population of cells:

• i) exhibits increased expression, relative to a human cell that is a fibroblast, a mesenchymal stem cell, or an iliac crest bone marrow cell, of an endogenous gene encoding interleukin 8 and an endogenous gene encoding reticulon 1;
• ii) secretes MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, GCP-2, HGF, KGF, FGF, HB-EGF, BDNF, TPO, MIP1b, RANTES and TIMP 1;
• iii) produces CD10, CD13, CD44, CD73, CD90, PDGFr-alpha, and HLA-A, B, C;
• and
• iv) lacks production of CD31, CD34, CD117, CD141, and HLA-DR, DP, DQ,
• whereby cartilage is formed in the matrix.