Conductive polymer capacitor for improved reliability

A capacitor comprising:

• an anodized anode wherein said anodized anode is selected from a pressed powder and a foil;
• and
• a conductive polymer layer on said anodized anode wherein said conductive polymer layer comprises first particles comprising conductive polymer and polyanion and second particles comprising said conductive polymer and said polyanion wherein said first particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 micron to no more than 10 microns and said second particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 nm to no more than 600 nm;
• wherein said polyanion is represented by Formula 2:
• AxByCz Formula 2
• wherein:
• A is polystyrenesulfonic acid or salt of polystyrenesulfonate;
• B and C separately represent polymerized units substituted with a group selected from:
• -carboxyl groups;
• —C(O)OR6 wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• an alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, phosphate, acrylate, anhydride and
• —(CHR7CH2O)b—R8 wherein:
• R7 is selected from a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• b is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR7CH2O— group;
• and
• R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, silane, phosphate, acrylate, an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate, and anhydride;
• —C(O)—NHR9 wherein:
• R9 is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• —C6H4—R10 wherein:
• R10 is selected from:
• a hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• a reactive group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, imide, amide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate, anhydride and
• —(O(CHR11CH2O)d—R12 wherein:
• R11 is a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• d is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR11CH2O— group;
• R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• —C6H4—O—R13 wherein:
• R13 is selected from:
• a hydrogen or an alkyl optionally substituted with a reactive group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, acrylate, phosphate and anhydride;
• a reactive group selected from the group consisting of epoxy, silane, alkene, alkyne, acrylate, phosphate and
• —(CHR14CH2O)e—R15 wherein:
• R14 is a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• e is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR14CH2O— group;
• and
• R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, acrylate, phosphate and anhydride;
• x, y and z, taken together are sufficient to form a polyanion with a molecular weight of at least 100 to no more than 500,000;
• y/x is 0 to 100;
• and
• z is 0 to a ratio z/x of no more than 100.