Monosubstituted or polysubstituted amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative, and preparation method and application thereof

A monosubstituted or polysubstituted amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative, being represented by general structural formula (I) or (II), or their enol tautomers:

• in formulas (I) and (II), T1 means that neither of two adjacent R2 and R3 nor two adjacent R4 and R5 are bonded, or one group or two groups are bonded;
• when neither of two adjacent R2 and R3 nor two adjacent R4 and R5 are bonded, then R2 and R5 are oxygen, and R3 and R4 are hydrogen;
• when two adjacent R2 and R3 or two adjacent R4 and R5 are bonded, they form a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered heterocycle, wherein T1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linker containing two carbon atoms, R2 and R5 are nitrogen, and R3 and R4 are sulfur;
• when two adjacent R2 and R3 are bonded and two adjacent R4 and R5 are not bonded, then R2 and R3 form a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered heterocycle, wherein T1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linker containing two carbon atoms, R4 is hydrogen, and R5 is oxygen;
• and when two adjacent R2 and R3 are not bonded and two adjacent R4 and R5 are bonded, then R2 is oxygen, R3 is hydrogen, and R4 and R5 form a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered heterocycle, wherein T1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linker containing two carbon atoms;
• in formula (I), R1 is —H, —COCH3 or —C(CH3)═N—R, in formula (II), R1 is —H;
• T2 means that R8 and R9 are bonded or not bonded;
• and when R8 and R9 are bonded, they form a substituted or unsubstituted five-membered, six-membered or seven-membered ring, wherein T2 is a substituted or unsubstituted linker containing one, two or three carbon atoms;
• in formula (I), the substituent R is represented by general structural formula (III):
• in formula (III), 0≤m≤12, 0≤n≤500, 0≤p≤12, 0≤q≤12, 0≤r≤1;
• the m, n, p, q and r are zero or positive integers;
• Y is a linking group;
• Z is a terminal group;
• and (OCH2CH2)n is a polyethylene glycol unit;
• in formula (III), the linking group Y is NH, O, S, a carboxylate, an amide, a sulfonate, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an alkyl containing 3-12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl containing 3-12 carbon atoms;
• the aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
• the heteroaryl is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
• the alkyl containing 3-12 carbon atoms comprises a substituted or unsubstituted or heteroatom-containing alkene or alkyne;
• the cycloalkyl containing 3-12 carbon atoms comprises a substituted or unsubstituted or heteroatom-containing cycloalkane, cycloalkene or cycloalkyne;
• the heteroatom is oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur;
• the substituent of said substituted Y groups is an alkyl containing 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl containing 2-12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl containing 2-12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl containing 3-8 carbon atoms, an aryl or an aralkyl containing 6-12 carbon atoms;
• or an alkyl with a terminal group containing a hydroxy, a carboxy, a sulfo or a carboxylate;
• or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl having a chain containing oxygen or sulfur and 1-12 carbon atoms;
• in formula (III), the terminal group Z is hydrogen, an alkyl consisting essentially of 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy containing 1-12 carbon atoms, a phenyl, a heterocycle, a hydroxy, a sulfhydryl, a carboxy, a carboxylate, —COOCH3, —COOC2H5, or a sulfo or a pyridine salt;
• in formula (III), when the terminal group Z is a pyridine salt, a substituent on the pyridine ring of the pyridine salt is at an ortho-position, a meta-position or a para-position;
• the pyridine salt is prepared by quaternization of pyridine and a halogenated hydrocarbon containing 1-12 carbon atoms of different chain lengths;
• and the anion of the pyridine salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;
• in formula (III), three substituents R12, R13 and R14 of the quaternary ammonium salt are independently or completely:
• an alkyl containing 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl containing 2-12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl containing 2-12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl containing 3-8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl containing 3-8 carbon atoms, an aryl or an aralkyl containing 6-12 carbon atoms;
• or an alkyl with a terminal group containing a hydroxy, a carboxy, a sulfo or a carboxylate;
• or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl having a chain containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur and 1-12 carbon atoms;
• or different combinations of the above substituents;
• and the anion X− of the quaternary ammonium salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;
• in formula (I), when neither of two adjacent R2 and R3 nor two adjacent R4 and R5 are bonded, R2 and R5 are oxygen, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, and R1 is —COCH3, the linking group Y in the substituent R in formula (I) is not NH;
• in formula (II), each of R6-R11 on the hypocrellinopiperazine ring are represented by general structural formula (III) of the substituent R, and R6-R11 are identical or partially identical or different.