Catheter apparatuses for modulation of nerves in communication with the pulmonary system and associated systems and methods

A treatment device, comprising:

• a shaft including a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein the shaft is configured to intravascularly locate the distal portion at a treatment site within a pulmonary blood vessel of a human patient;
• a first balloon and a second balloon that are spaced from one another along the distal portion of the shaft;
• a lumen extending distally from a proximal portion of the shaft to a first output port and a second output port at the distal portion, wherein the first output port is positioned along a portion of the shaft within the first balloon and is configured to deliver a cooling agent to an interior portion of the first balloon, and wherein the second output port is positioned along a portion of the shaft within the second balloon and is configured to deliver the cooling agent to an interior portion of the second balloon;
• a first electrode positioned on the outer surface of the first balloon, extending about at least a first portion of the circumference of the first balloon, and configured to stimulate nerves proximate the treatment site;
• a second electrode positioned on the outer surface of the second balloon, extending about at least a second portion of the circumference of the second balloon, and configured to at least one of detect or record nerve activity at the treatment site at least one of during or after a therapeutic neuromodulation, wherein the first electrode is spaced apart from and out of contact with the second electrode;
• a therapeutic assembly located between the first balloon and the second balloon;
• and
• an anchor configured to engage an inner wall of the pulmonary vessel, located proximally of the therapeutic assembly, and further configured to stabilize the therapeutic assembly relative to the pulmonary blood vessel;
• wherein the first and second electrodes are configured to deliver the therapeutic neuromodulation to nerves in communication with a pulmonary system proximate the treatment site.