Time synchronization enhancements for integrated 5G-TSN networking

A computer-implemented method for determining time synchronisation parameters of a communication apparatus in a wireless network, the method comprising:

• transmitting an uplink message at a first time, the first time being the start of a time period (Tperiod);
• receiving at least one downlink message, each downlink message being associated with a first round trip delay (TroundAi), a second round trip delay (TroundB(n+1−i)), a first reply time (TreplyA(n+1−i)) and a second reply time (TreplyB1) wherein;
• the first round trip delay (TroundAi) equals a time difference between transmitting the uplink message and receiving a downlink message;
• the first reply time (TreplyA(n+1−i)) equals a difference between the time period (Tperiod) and the first round trip delay (TroundAi);
• the second reply time (TreplyB1) equals a time difference between a second communication apparatus receiving the uplink message and transmitting the downlink message;
• and
• the second round trip time (TroundB(n+1−i)) equals a difference between the time period (Tperiod) and the second reply time (TreplyB1);
• determining a first difference between the first round trip delay (TroundAi) and the first reply time (TreplyA(n+1−i));
• determining a second difference between the second round trip time (TroundB(n+1−i)) and the second reply time (TreplyB1);
• and
• calculating an estimated propagation delay (i) based on the sum of the first difference (TroundAi−TreplyA(n+1−i)) and the second difference (TroundB(n+1−i)−TreplyBi).