Methods for producing mesoporous zeolite multifunctional catalysts for upgrading pyrolysis oil

A multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil produced by a method comprising:

• contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, where:
• the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support has an average pore size of from 2 nanometers to 40 nanometers as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis;
• the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprises a heteropolyacid having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, silicon, germanium, arsenic, or combinations of these;
• and
• the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;
• removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor;
• and
• calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.