# US 11,122,715 B2 · Conformal heat pipe assemblies

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- Number: US 11,122,715 B2
- Document ID: US11122715B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/203,161
- Filed: 2018-11-28
- Published: 2019-11-14
- Granted: 2021-09-14
- Earliest claimed: 2018-05-11
- Assignees: General Electric Company
- Applicants: General Electric Company
- Inventors: Karthik Bodla; Nathaniel Benedict Hawes; Brian Magann Rush; Weijun Yin; Andrew Thomas Cross
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11122715B2

## CPC

- F28D 15/02: in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes {(heat pipes used in solar heat collectors F24S10/95; in radiators F28D1/0226; in nuclear reactors G21C15/257)}
- H05K 7/20936: {Liquid coolant with phase change}
- F24S 10/95: having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D 15/0233: {the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular (F28D15/0241, F28D15/0266 take precedence)}
- F28D 15/0275: {Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores}
- F28D 15/04: with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D 15/046: {characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure}
- F28F 21/086: {from titanium or titanium alloys}
- H01F 27/18: by evaporating liquids
- H02K 9/225: {Heat pipes}
- H05K 7/20336: {Heat pipes, e.g. wicks or capillary pumps}
- H05K 7/20945: {Thermal management, e.g. inverter temperature control}
- F28D 2015/0216: {having particular orientation, e.g. slanted, or being orientation-independent}
- F28F 2265/24: for electrical insulation
- Y02E 10/44: Heat exchange systems
- F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general)
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00)
- F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16)
- H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53})
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A heat pipe assembly includes walls having porous wick linings, an insulating layer coupled with at least one of the walls, and an interior chamber sealed by the walls. The linings hold a liquid phase of a working fluid in the interior chamber. The insulating layer is directly against a conductive component of an electromagnetic power conversion device such that heat from the conductive component vaporizes the working fluid in the porous wick lining of the at least one wall and the working fluid condenses at or within the porous wick lining of at least one other wall to cool the conductive component of the electromagnetic power conversion device. The assembly can be placed in direct contact with the device while the device is operating and/or experiencing time-varying magnetic fields that cause the device to operate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A heat pipe assembly comprising:
plural connected walls having porous wick linings along the walls;
an insulating layer coupled with at least one of the walls on a side of the at least one wall that is opposite of the porous wick lining of the at least one wall; and
an interior chamber disposed inside and sealed by the walls,
wherein the porous wick linings of the walls are configured to hold a liquid phase of a working fluid in the interior chamber,
wherein the insulating layer of the at least one wall is directly against a conductive component of an electromagnetic power conversion device such that heat from the conductive component vaporizes the working fluid in the porous wick lining of the at least one wall and the working fluid condenses at or within the porous wick lining of at least one other wall to cool the conductive component of the electromagnetic power conversion device.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 1, wherein the conductive component includes one or more conductive windings of the electromagnetic power conversion device such that the heat from the one or more conductive windings vaporizes the working fluid in the porous wick lining of the at least one wall and the working fluid condenses at or within the porous wick lining of the at least one other wall to cool the one or more conductive windings of the electromagnetic power conversion device.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 2, wherein the walls form an elongated interior portion of the interior chamber that is located between and directly adjacent to neighboring conductive coils of the one or more conductive windings.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 3, wherein the interior portion of the interior chamber is elongated along an axis of rotation of the electromagnetic power conversion device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 3, wherein the walls also form an elongated exterior portion of the interior chamber that is located outside of the conductive coils.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 5, wherein the exterior portion of the interior chamber is elongated in directions that are perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the electromagnetic power conversion device.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 5, further comprising elongated fins outwardly extending from the exterior portion.

### Claim 8

A heat pipe system comprising:
plural heat pipe assemblies configured to be disposed directly against conductive windings of an electric motor to cool the windings, each of the heat pipe assemblies including:
plural connected walls having porous wick linings along the walls, the walls including at least an interior wall, an outer wall, and a connecting wall that couples the interior wall with the outer wall; and
an interior chamber disposed inside and sealed by the walls,
wherein the porous wick linings of the walls are configured to hold a liquid phase of a working fluid in the interior chamber,
wherein the interior walls of the heat pipe assemblies are configured to be located directly against the conductive windings of the motor such that heat from the conductive windings vaporizes the working fluids in the porous wick linings of the interior walls of the heat pipe assemblies, and the working fluid condenses at or within the porous wick linings of the outer walls of the heat pipe assemblies to cool the conductive windings of the motor.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the walls of the heat pipe assemblies form elongated interior portions of the interior chambers that are located between and directly adjacent to neighboring conductive windings of the one or more conductive windings, the walls of the heat pipe assemblies also forming elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers that are located outside of the conductive windings of the motor.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the interior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions that are parallel to an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the exterior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions that are perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, further comprising elongated fins outwardly extending from the exterior portions of the heat pipe assemblies.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the conductive windings of the motor extend along a circular ring around an axis of rotation of the motor, and wherein the exterior portions of a first group of the heat pipe assemblies are located on a first side of the ring and the exterior portions of a second, non-overlapping group of the heat pipe assemblies are located on an opposite second side of the ring.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the heat pipe assemblies assist in self-leveling a temperature differential of the conductive windings of the electric motor during operation of the electric motor by receiving more electric current in a first set of the conductive windings that are cooler due to the working fluid in a corresponding first set of the heat pipe assemblies being directed to locations closer to the conductive windings in the first set of the conductive windings due to one or more of gravitational forces or acceleration forces, and by a different, second set of the conductive windings of the electric motor that are hotter receiving less electric current due to the working fluid in a corresponding second set of the heat pipe assemblies being directed to locations farther from the conductive windings in the second set of the conductive windings due to the one or more of gravitational forces or acceleration forces.

### Claim 15

A heat pipe assembly comprising:
plural connected walls extending around interior chambers, the walls having porous wick linings along the walls that are configured to hold a liquid phase of a working fluid in the interior chambers, the walls forming elongated interior portions of the interior chambers that are located between neighboring conductive windings of a motor, the walls also forming elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers that are located outside the conductive windings of the motor; and
an insulating layer coupled with at least one of the walls on a side of the at least one wall that is opposite of the porous wick lining of the at least one wall, the insulating layer of the at least one of the walls directly abutting at least one of the conductive windings of the motor such that heat from the conductive component vaporizes the working fluid in a first porous wick lining of the porous wick linings and a second porous wick lining of the porous wick linings receives a condensed phase of the working fluid that was vaporized to cool the conductive component of the electromagnetic device.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated interior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions that are parallel to an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions that are perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions extend radially outward from an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers are elongated in directions extend radially inward toward an axis of rotation of the motor.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The heat pipe assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated exterior portions of the interior chambers are located on one side of a ring portion of a stator of the motor.