# US 11,122,713 B1 · Differential temperature based pressure sensing and airflow control

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- Number: US 11,122,713 B1
- Document ID: US11122713B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 16/014,508
- Filed: 2018-06-21
- Granted: 2021-09-14
- Earliest claimed: 2018-06-21
- Assignees: Amazon Technologies, Inc.
- Applicants: Amazon Technologies, Inc.
- Inventors: Alan Joseph Lachapelle
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11122713B1

## CPC

- H05K 7/20836: {Thermal management, e.g. server temperature control}
- G01K 1/026: {arrangements for monitoring a plurality of temperatures, e.g. by multiplexing}
- G01K 1/14: Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
- G01K 3/06: in respect of space
- G01K 13/024: of moving gases
- G05B 13/024: {in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance}
- H05K 7/20745: {within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. by air conditioning device}
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)

## Abstract

An insert for monitoring pressure changes between a cold environment and a hot environment, such as a cold aisle/hot aisle cooling system, includes a conduit having two separated openings, and a frame configured for placement between the hot environment and cold environment. One or more temperature sensors are positioned within the conduit proximate to both of the openings, and configured to sample a first temperature corresponding to the cold environment near the first opening and a second temperature associated with the hot environment near the second opening. In a cooling system, the insert can be used in conjunction with a controller to receive temperature data associated with the first and second temperatures, and determine, based on the temperature data, a direction of flow of air flowing in the conduit and a degree of overpressure or underpressure associated with the cold environment.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for controlling airflow in a datacenter, the datacenter comprising a hot environment, a cold environment adjacent to the hot environment, a containment element separating the cold environment from the hot environment, a cold air outlet providing a flow of air to the cold environment, and heat-generating electronic devices positioned between the hot environment and the cold environment and configured to take in cold air from the cold environment and exhaust hot air to the hot environment, the system comprising:
a conduit positioned at the containment element and in fluid communication with the cold environment and the hot environment, wherein the conduit has a first opening that opens to the cold environment and a second opening that opens to the hot environment and wherein the conduit has an internal dimension that is from 1/96 to ¼ of a length of the conduit;
an elongate averaging temperature sensor having a first end and a second end, wherein the elongate averaging temperature sensor extends from the first end to the second end, wherein the first end is disposed proximate to the first opening, wherein the second end is disposed proximate to the second opening, and wherein the elongate averaging temperature sensor generates an average temperature signal indicative of an average temperature of a flow of air flowing through the conduit; and
a controller comprising at least one processor and tangible memory containing non-transitory instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the controller to:
determine, based on the average temperature signal, a direction of the flow of air flowing in the conduit; and
control a rate of airflow provided to the cold environment via the cold air outlet based on the average temperature signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the elongate averaging temperature sensor extends outwardly from the conduit from the first opening and from the second opening.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a target temperature or a target temperature range based on a temperature of air in the cold environment and a temperature of air in the hot environment; and
control the rate of airflow provided to the cold environment via the cold air outlet based on a comparison of the average temperature of the flow of air flowing through the conduit and the target temperature or the target temperature range.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3, further comprising an air handler fluidly connected with the cold air outlet, wherein the controller is further configured to:
in response to detecting that the average temperature of the flow of air flowing through the conduit is lower than the target temperature or the target temperature range, instruct the air handler to reduce a flow rate of the airflow to the cold environment; and
in response to detecting that the average temperature of the flow of air flowing through the conduit is higher than the target temperature or the target temperature range, instruct the air handler to increase the flow rate of the airflow to the cold environment.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the cold environment is a cold aisle, the system further comprising a plurality of conduits, including the conduit, spaced along a length of the cold aisle, wherein:
each conduit of the plurality of conduits has a respective elongate averaging temperature sensor that generates a respective average temperature signal indicative of an average temperature of a flow of air flowing through the respective conduit; and
the controller is further configured to:
determine, based on the respective average temperature signals, a plurality of directions of flow of air associated with the plurality of conduits.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the first end extends outside of the first opening of the conduit, and wherein the second end extends outside of the second opening of the conduit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the conduit comprises a first set of perforations in the conduit proximate the first opening, and a second set of perforations in the conduit proximate the second opening, the first and second sets of perforations arranged to increase circulation of air from the cold and hot environments to the first end of the elongate averaging temperature sensor and the second end of the elongate averaging temperature sensor, respectively.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein the first set of perforations is positioned along an upper portion of the conduit and wherein the second set of perforations is positioned along a lower portion of the conduit.

### Claim 9

A method, comprising:
generating, by an elongate averaging temperature sensor, an average temperature signal indicative of an average temperature of a flow of air through a conduit that fluidly connects a hot environment and a cold environment, wherein the hot environment and the cold environment are separated by a containment element, wherein the conduit has a first opening that opens to the cold environment and a second opening that opens to the hot environment, wherein the conduit has an internal dimension that is from 1/96 to ¼ of a length of the conduit, wherein the elongate averaging temperature sensor has a first end and a second end, wherein the elongate averaging temperature sensor extends from the first end to the second end, wherein the first end is disposed proximate to the first opening, and wherein the second end is disposed proximate to the second opening;
determining the average temperature based on the average temperature signal;
determining a temperature difference between the average temperature and a target temperature or a temperature difference by which the average temperature is outside of a target temperature range; and
causing an air handler to adjust a flow rate of a supply of cold air supplied to the cold environment based on the temperature difference.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving supply air temperature data associated with the supply of cold air;
setting the target temperature or the target temperature range based on the supply air temperature data;
in response to detecting that the average temperature is cooler than the target temperature or below the target temperature range, causing the air handler to decrease the flow rate of the cold air supplied to the cold environment; or
in response to detecting that the average temperature is hotter than the target temperature or above the target temperature range, causing the air handler to increase the flow rate of the cold air supplied to the cold environment.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising:
in response to detecting that the average temperature is equal to the target temperature or is within the target temperature range, causing the air handler to maintain the flow rate of the cold air supplied to the cold environment.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving component temperature data associated with an operational temperature of an electronic component that is positioned between the cold environment and the hot environment and that takes in air from the cold environment for cooling and exhausts hot air to the hot environment;
detecting, based on the component temperature data, whether the electronic component is within a predetermined operating temperature; and
in response to detecting that the electronic component is warmer than the predetermined operating temperature, decreasing the target temperature or adjusting the target temperature range downward.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving environmental temperature data associated with the hot environment or with the supply of cold air;
adjusting the target temperature or the target temperature range based on the environmental temperature data.